Abstract: In a method for heating up the intake air of an internal combustion engine during the preglow phase or start-up phase, the heating power is controlled by a control unit of the engine electronics as a function of the operating data of the internal combustion engine. During the preglow phase, the heating element is initially supplied with full current until the heating element reaches its reference temperature. After the reference temperature has been reached and until the start-up phase, a post-heating phase begins in which the heating element is kept at a constant temperature by way of a relatively low power. During the start-up phase, in a first time period, the heating element is switched off, and in a second time period in which the speed of the internal combustion engine is raised to the starting speed, the heating element is switched on again.

Abstract: A method for heating up the intake air of an internal combustion engine (8) during the preglow phase or start-up phase by means of at least one electrically heatable heating element (12) in the intake line (10) of the internal combustion engine, the heating power being controlled by a control unit (13) of the engine electronics as a function of the operating data of the internal combustion engine, characterized in that during the preglow phase (1,2,3), the heating element (12) is initially supplied with full current (1) until the heating element reaches its reference temperature and in that after the reference temperature has been reached and until the start-up phase, a post-heating phase (2,3) begins in which the heating element (12) is kept at a constant temperature by means of a relatively low power, and in that during the start-up phase, in a first time period (4a), the heating element (12) is switched off, and in that in a second time period (4b) in which the speed of the internal combustion engine i

Abstract: An exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine includes a turbine wheel and a compressor impeller, disposed on a common shaft which is rotatably supported by friction bearings, to which lubricating oil is supplied by an oil supply means, a turbine speed detection device being provided with a pressure modulating structure, which is disposed on the shaft for modulating the oil pressure in the oil supply means, in accordance with the speed of the shaft, and an oil pressure sensor arranged in the oil supply means for sensing the oil pressure modulations for determining the speed of the turbocharger.

Abstract: In turbocharger, particularly an exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine with a turbine wheel and an impeller disposed on a common shaft which is rotatably supported by friction bearings to which lubricating oil is supplied by an oil supply, a turbine speed detection device is provided comprising a pressure modulating structure disposed on the shaft for modulating the oil pressure in the oil supply in accordance with the speed of the shaft and an oil pressure sensor is arranged in the oil supply for sensing the oil pressure modulations for determining the speed of the turbocharger

Abstract: In a device for preheating air in an air intake line leading to a Diesel engine in which a heating flange is arranged, the heating flange is switched off and on as required by means of a switching device comprising a semiconductor element as a switching element. At the same time, the state of a battery can be determined by measuring the voltage drop of the battery during such energization of the heating flange.

Abstract: A frame for doors, windows and the like is provided. The inventive frame comprises, in combination, a plurality of elongated frame components interconnected by welding joints, each component further comprising a thermoplastic synthetic resin hollow profile having an interior extending along the length of said profile, and, at least one of the joints, a thermoplastic synthetic resin reinforcement having an outer surface lying against the inner surface of at least two hollow profiles of the joint and extending across the welding joints, said reinforcement being unitary with said surrounding hollow profiles.