Abstract: The invention relates to a process for determining the total oxygen content and the total carbon content in ammonia, in which ammonia is first split into nitrogen and hydrogen, then the oxygen still present in the ammonia is reacted essentially fully with hydrogen to give water and the carbon still present is reacted essentially fully with hydrogen to give methane. In a next step, the water content and the methane content in the gas are determined. Finally, the total oxygen content is determined from the water content and the total carbon content from the methane content. The invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the process, which comprises a cracker for splitting the ammonia and for converting the oxygen- and/or carbon-comprising compounds, and at least one cavity ring-down spectrometer for detecting the water content and/or carbon content.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for determining the total oxygen content and the total carbon content in ammonia, in which ammonia is first split into nitrogen and hydrogen, then the oxygen still present in the ammonia is reacted essentially fully with hydrogen to give water and the carbon still present is reacted essentially fully with hydrogen to give methane. In a next step, the water content and the methane content in the gas are determined. Finally, the total oxygen content is determined from the water content and the total carbon content from the methane content. The invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the process, which comprises a cracker for splitting the ammonia and for converting the oxygen- and/or carbon-comprising compounds, and at least one cavity ring-down spectrometer for detecting the water content and/or carbon content.

Abstract: A process for preparing a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution by reacting an aqueous solution of a hydroxylammonium salt with a base to give a mixture and separating from said mixture by distillation a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution, involving using as a base an aqueous solution of a mixture of NaOH and KOH in a molar ratio Na+:K+ in the range from 70:30 to 95:5 and with a total concentration of Na+ and K+ in the range from 0.1 to 10 m/m % based on the total amount of the mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a highly pure, aqueous hydroxylamine solution by distilling an aqueous solution, devoid of salt, of a hydroxyl ammonium salt in a plate column comprising at least two mechanical plates. Said method is characterised in that packing bodies are arranged between at least two plates of the plate column over the cross-section of said column.

Abstract: Crude ammonia is separated into a low boiler fraction, a high boiler fraction and an intermediate-boiling pure fraction by continuous fractional distillation in a distillation apparatus configured either as a dividing wall column or as a system of thermally coupled distillation columns. In the process of the present invention, the low boiler fraction is taken off at the top of the distillation apparatus. The intermediate-boiling pure fraction is obtained at a side offtake which is preferably provided with droplet precipitators. In addition, the gas loading of the distillation column is restricted so that the operating pressure is in the range from 2 to 30 bar and the F factor does not exceed 2.0 Pa0.5.

Abstract: A process for preparing a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution by distilling an aqueous solution of a hydroxylammonium salt and a base in a tray column having at least two mechanical trays, wherein random or structured packings are located above at least one tray of the tray column over the cross section of the column.

Abstract: The invendon relates to a method for the production of a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution by distilling an aqueous solution of an hydroxylammonium salt and a base in a plate column having at least two mechanical plates. The invention is characterized in that packings or structured packings are placed above at least one of the plates of the plate column along the cross section of said column.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a highly pure, aqueous hydroxylamine solution by distilling an aqueous solution, devoid of salt, of a hydroxyl ammonium salt in a plate column comprising at least two mechanical plates. Said method is characterised in that packing bodies are arranged between at least two plates of the plate column over the cross-section of said column.

Abstract: A process for preparing a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution by reacting an aqueous solution of a hydroxylammonium salt with a base to give a mixture and separating from said mixture by distillation a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution, comprises using as a base an aqueous solution of a mixture of NaOH and KOH in a molar ratio Na+:K+ in the range from 70:30 to 95:5 and with a total concentration of Na+ and K+ in the range from 0.1 to 10 m/m % based on the total amount of the mixture.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing metal formate/formic acid mixtures comprising the following steps:

Abstract: Crude ammonia is separated into a low boiler fraction, a high boiler fraction and an intermediate-boiling pure fraction by continuous fractional distillation in a distillation apparatus configured either as a dividing wall column or as a system of thermally coupled distillation columns. In the process of the present invention, the low boiler fraction is taken off at the top of the distillation apparatus. The intermediate-boiling pure fraction is obtained at a side offtake which is preferably provided with droplet precipitators. In addition, the gas loading of the distillation column is restricted so that the operating pressure is in the range from 2 to 30 bar and the F factor does not exceed 2.0 Pa0.5.