Patents by Inventor Karl Kramer
Karl Kramer has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 11326100Abstract: The disclosure relates to a scintillator and a radiation detector including the scintillator. The scintillator includes a scintillator material. In an embodiment, the scintillator material can include a metal halide doped with Eu2+ and co-doped with Sm2+. The metal halide can include at least one halogen selected from Br, Cl, and I. In an embodiment, the metal halide can include at least one element selected from alkaline-earth metals, rare-earth elements, Al, Ga, and the alkali metals selected from Li, Na, Rb, Cs. In a particular embodiment, co-doping with Sm2+ can shift the scintillation light emission peak to a region of the emission spectrum having a low self-absorbance of the scintillator material.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 2020Date of Patent: May 10, 2022Assignees: STICHTING VOOR DE TECHNISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN, UNIVERSITE DE BERNEInventors: Pieter Dorenbos, Karl Krämer, Mikhail Alekhin
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Patent number: 11248169Abstract: The disclosure relates to a scintillator material for a radiation detector. In an embodiment, the scintillator material can include a crystalline alkaline-earth metal halide comprising at least one alkaline-earth metal selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, said alkaline-earth metal halide being doped with at least one dopant that activates the scintillation thereof other than Sm2+, and co-doped with Sm2+, said alkaline-earth metal halide comprising at least one halogen selected from Br, Cl, I.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 2020Date of Patent: February 15, 2022Assignees: STICHTING VOOR DE TECHNISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN, UNIVERSITE DE BERNEInventors: Pieter Dorenbos, Karl Krämer, Mikhail Alekhin
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Publication number: 20200339878Abstract: The disclosure relates to a scintillator and a radiation detector including the scintillator. The scintillator includes a scintillator material. In an embodiment, the scintillator material can include a metal halide doped with Eu2+ and co-doped with Sm2+. The metal halide can include at least one halogen selected from Br, Cl, and I. In an embodiment, the metal halide can include at least one element selected from alkaline-earth metals, rare-earth elements, Al, Ga, and the alkali metals selected from Li, Na, Rb, Cs. In a particular embodiment, co-doping with Sm2+ can shift the scintillation light emission peak to a region of the emission spectrum having a low self-absorbance of the scintillator material.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 10, 2020Publication date: October 29, 2020Inventors: Pieter DORENBOS, Karl KRÄMER, Mikhail ALEKHIN
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Publication number: 20200339877Abstract: The disclosure relates to a scintillator material for a radiation detector. In an embodiment, the scintillator material can include a crystalline alkaline-earth metal halide comprising at least one alkaline-earth metal selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, said alkaline-earth metal halide being doped with at least one dopant that activates the scintillation thereof other than Sm2+, and co-doped with Sm2+, said alkaline-earth metal halide comprising at least one halogen selected from Br, Cl, I.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 10, 2020Publication date: October 29, 2020Inventors: Pieter DORENBOS, Karl KRÄMER, Mikhail ALEKHIN
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Patent number: 8671692Abstract: A combustor assembly includes a convergent segment followed by a divergent segment to advantageously improve combustion. The combustor assembly includes a first segment beginning at a forward end that transitions to a second segment past a transition segment in a direction along a combustor axis toward an aft end. The reduction in cross-sectional area within the first segment provides desirable fuel and air mixing properties. The convergent first segment in combination with the divergent second segment decreases residence time of fuel-air mixture within the combustor chamber that decreases production of undesirable emissions from the combustor assembly.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 2011Date of Patent: March 18, 2014Assignee: United Technologies CorporationInventors: Steven W. Burd, William Sowa, Albert K. Cheung, Stephen Karl Kramer, Reid Dyer Curtis Smith, James Hoke
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Publication number: 20120017599Abstract: A combustor assembly includes a convergent segment followed by a divergent segment to advantageously improve combustion. The combustor assembly includes a first segment beginning at a forward end that transitions to a second segment past a transition segment in a direction along a combustor axis toward an aft end. The reduction in cross-sectional area within the first segment provides desirable fuel and air mixing properties. The convergent first segment in combination with the divergent second segment decreases residence time of fuel-air mixture within the combustor chamber that decreases production of undesirable emissions from the combustor assembly.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 3, 2011Publication date: January 26, 2012Inventors: Steven W. Burd, William Sowa, Albert K. Cheung, Stephen Karl Kramer, Reid Dyer Curtis Smith, James Hoke
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Patent number: 8028528Abstract: A combustor assembly includes a convergent segment followed by a divergent segment to advantageously improve combustion. The combustor assembly includes a first segment beginning at a forward end that transitions to a second segment past a transition segment in a direction along a combustor axis toward an aft end. The reduction in cross-sectional area within the first segment provides desirable fuel and air mixing properties. The convergent first segment in combination with the divergent second segment decreases residence time of fuel-air mixture within the combustor chamber that decreases production of undesirable emissions from the combustor assembly.Type: GrantFiled: October 17, 2005Date of Patent: October 4, 2011Assignee: United Technologies CorporationInventors: Steven W. Burd, William Sowa, Albert K. Cheung, Stephen Karl Kramer, Reid Dyer Curtis Smith, James Hoke
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Publication number: 20070295915Abstract: The invention pertains to a neutron detector comprising a scintillating material of the generic formula Cs(2?z)RbzLiLn(1?x)X6:xCe3+, where X is either Br or I, Ln is Y or Gd or Lu or Sc or La, where z is greater or equal to 0 and less or equal to 2, and x is above 0.0005, generally under the form of monocristal. The scintillating material has a remarkably low decay time.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 10, 2005Publication date: December 27, 2007Applicants: STICHTING VOOR TECHNISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN, UNIVERSITE DE BERNEInventors: Karl Kramer, Hans-Ulrich Gudel, Aurelie Bessiere, Pieter Dorenbos, Cauel Van Eijk
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Publication number: 20070210256Abstract: The invention concerns an inorganic scintillator material of general composition M1?xCexCl3, wherein: M is selected among lanthanides or lanthanide mixtures, preferably among the elements or mixtures of elements of the group consisting of Y, La, Gd, Lu, in particular among the elements or mixtures of elements of the group consisting of La, Gd and Lu; and x is the molar rate of substitution of M with cerium, x being not less than 1 mol % and strictly less than 100 mol %. The invention also concerns a method for growing said monocrystalline scintillator material, and the use of said scintillator material as component of a scintillating detector in particular for industrial and medical purposes and in the oil industry.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 14, 2007Publication date: September 13, 2007Applicant: STICHTING VOOR DE TECHNISCHE WETENSCHAPPENInventors: Pieter Dorenbos, Carel Van Eijk, Hans-Ulrich Gudel, Karl Kramer, Edgar Van Loef
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Publication number: 20070090328Abstract: The invention relates to an inorganic rare-earth iodide scintillation material of formula AXLn(y?y?,)Ln?y?I(x+3y) in which: A represents at least one element selected among Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; Ln represents at least one first rare-earth element selected among La, Gd, Y, Lu, said first rare-earth element having a valency of 3+ in the aforementioned formula: Ln? represents at least one second rare-earth element selected among Ce, Tb, Pr, said second rare-earth element having a valency of 3+ in the aforementioned formula, x is an integer and represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; y is an integer or non-integer greater than 0 and less than 3, and; y? is an integer or non-integer greater than 0 and less than y. This material presents a high stopping power, a rapid decay time, in particular, less than 100 ns, a good energy resolution (in particular, less than 6% at 662 keV) and a high luminous level.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 1, 2004Publication date: April 26, 2007Applicants: STICHTING VOOR DE TECHNISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN, UNIVERSITE DE BERNEInventors: Pieter Dorenbos, Carel Van Eijk, Hans-Ulrich Gudel, Edgar Van Loef, Karl Kramer
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Publication number: 20060197026Abstract: The invention concerns an inorganic scintillator material of general composition M1-xCexBr3, wherein: M is selected among lanthanides or lanthanide mixtures of the group consisting of La, Gd, Y in particular among lanthanides or lanthanide mixtures of the group consisting of La, Gd; and x is the molar rate of substitution of M with cerium, x being not less that 0.01 mol % and strictly less than 100 mol %. The invention also concerns a method of growing such a monocrystalline scintillator material, and the use of same as component of a scintillating detector for industrial and medical purpose or in the oil industry.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 28, 2006Publication date: September 7, 2006Applicant: STICHTING VOOR DE TECHNISCHE WETENSCHAPPENInventors: Pieter Dorenbos, Carel Van Eijk, Hans-Ulrich Gudel, Karl Kramer, Edgar Van Loef
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Publication number: 20060197027Abstract: The invention concerns an inorganic scintillator material of general composition M1-xCexCl3, wherein: M is selected among lanthanides or lanthanide mixtures, preferably among the elements or mixtures of elements of the group consisting of Y, La, Gd, Lu, in particular among the elements or mixtures of elements of the group consisting of La, Gd and Lu; and x is the molar rate of substitution of M with cerium, x being not less than 1 mol % and strictly less than 100 mol %. The invention also concerns a method for growing said monocrystalline scintillator material, and the use of said scintillator material as component of a scintillating detector in particular for industrial and medical purposes and in the oil industry.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 28, 2006Publication date: September 7, 2006Applicant: STICHTING VOOR DE TECHNISCHE WETENSCHAPPENInventors: Pieter Dorenbos, Carel Van Eijk, Hans-Ulrich Gudel, Karl Kramer, Edgar Van Loef
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Patent number: 4072233Abstract: A container includes a plurality of walls that define an enclosed space. One of the container walls has a frangible piercing point thereon adapted to be penetrated by an extraction device such as a drinking straw, the piercing point being defined by a depression formed in the exterior surface of the container wall, but which does not penetrate completely through the wall. The depression is surrounded by an annular ring, which marks its location, and the container walls are preferably made of a plurality of layers of laminated material.Type: GrantFiled: August 13, 1976Date of Patent: February 7, 1978Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Karl Kramer, Karlheinz Durst