Abstract: Particulate material is discharged continuously from fluidized bed reactors by passing the material emerging at the lowest point of the fluidized bed through a zone which is narrower than the fluidized bed and in which a gas stream flows counter-current to the material, the pressure of the gas stream being above the pressure of the fluidized zone.

Abstract: 2,4,6-Trichloroaniline is prepared by reaction of aniline, which is optionally substituted by halogen, with a chlorinating agent in the presence of inert organic solvents and/or diluents at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of an aromatic chloroformic acid ester by contacting a phenol and phosgene, the improvement wherein the reaction is carried out in a homogeneous liquid phase at a temperature of 60.degree. to 180.degree. C. in the presence of organic phosphorus compound of the formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 PR.sup.4.sub.n X.sub.nin whichR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, aryl or halogen and two of the said radicals together with the phosphorus atom can form a 5-membered or 6-membered phosphorus-containing saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical,X represents OH, homopolar-bonded halogen or an inorganic or organic acid anion,R.sup.4 denotes hydrogen or alkyl or, if X denotes halogen, can also denote halogen and n denotes 0 or 1,and in which, furthermore,R.sup.4 and X together can represent oxygen or sulfur.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of oxalyl chloride from an oxalic acid compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical,and phosphorus pentachloride in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, the improvement wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of an amino compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 represents alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or an acyl group, optionally substituted by amino or carboxamido andR.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl, optionally substituted by amino or carboxamido, orR.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are linked in an optionally substituted carbocyclic ring with 5 to 7 ring members, which optionally contains nitrogen, sulphur and/or oxygen and is optionally substituted by alkyl, aralkyl, aryl and/or amino groups, andR.sup.3 represents hydrogen or alkyl, which can be linked with R.sup.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of a naphthalenesulphonyl chloride by reacting an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of a naphthalenesulphonic acid with thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalytically active substance the improvement wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of an optionally substituted pyridine, tertiary aliphatic amine, secondary amidine and/or quaternary ammonium salt.