Abstract: A mechanical conversion system for receiving input from a toroidal engine that outputs an oscillating motion. The system has a gear set with facing bevel gears that mesh with radially mounted pinions. The bevel gears are mounted on a splined input shaft via bearings and one-way clutches. An overrunning clutch is coupled with each bevel gear. As the input shaft rotates in one direction, the overrunning clutch of one bevel gear is engaged and drives the one gear in the first direction, while the overrunning clutch of the second bevel gear is disengaged and allows the second bevel gear to overrun the input shaft. The overrunning clutch is a type known as a MECHANICAL DIODE®, which engages within 4.5 degrees of rotation, without significant slippage.

Abstract: A continuously variable fluent control valve for controlling supersonic flow of gas. The valve has an upper plate with a very slightly angled physical control surface and a lower plate with a physical nozzle inlet. As the valve opens and closes during supersonic flow, a hydrodynamic pintle forms in the nozzle inlet just below the physical control surface. The hydrodynamic pintle provides a fluid control surface for redirecting flow from horizontal fllow to vertical flow through the nozzle and, depending on the expansion needs of the supersonic flow, the hydrodynamic pintle changes shape, expanding or shrinking in the axial direction of the valve. Because of the nearly flat physical control surface of the upper plate, matieral ablation is significantly reduced. The fluid-fluid boundary between the hydrodynamic pintle and the supersonic flow produces a flow through the nozzle with little or no recirculation.

Abstract: Toroidal internal combustion engine comprising two concentric engine rings. Intake valves are assembled in two faces of one set of pistons and exhaust valves in two faces of the second set of pistons. The intake-valve pistons are fixedly attached to one of the engine rings and the exhaust-valve pistons to the other engine ring. The face of one intake-valve piston and the face of one adjacent exhaust-valve piston form boundaries of an engine chamber. Combustion forces on the piston faces force the two concentric engine rings to counter-rotate. The intake-valve piston and the adjacent exhaust-valve piston sweep the same chamber volume at different strokes of the engine cycle. The engine is constructed of CRC material and mounted on a central shaft, with the intake manifold and the exhaust manifold mounted on each side of the engine, providing a lightweight, self-lubricating, highly fuel efficient, and dynamically balanced engine.