Patents by Inventor Karthik Rajagopal

Karthik Rajagopal has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

  • Publication number: 20140201698
    Abstract: A method of generating an area efficient power switch cell includes receiving, by a cell library design tool, a specification of a power switch circuit to be established as a power switch cell in a cell library. The cell library design tool also receives one or more attributes of the power switch cell including a height of the cell boundary and receiving, by the cell library design tool, a layout placement constraint requiring the power switch cell to be placed in a semiconductor layout so as to bridge two parallel rows of doped wells. The parallel rows of doped wells are interleaved with doped substrate and the doping of the wells is of a different type than that of the substrate. Based on the specification of the power switch circuit, the one or more attributes, and the layout placement constraint, the cell library design tool generates the power switch cell.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 18, 2014
    Publication date: July 17, 2014
    Applicant: Apple Inc.
    Inventors: Shingo Suzuki, Karthik Rajagopal, Bo Tang
  • Patent number: 8726216
    Abstract: A method of generating an area efficient power switch cell includes receiving, by a cell library design tool, a specification of a power switch circuit to be established as a power switch cell in a cell library. The cell library design tool also receives one or more attributes of the power switch cell including a height of the cell boundary and receiving, by the cell library design tool, a layout placement constraint requiring the power switch cell to be placed in a semiconductor layout so as to bridge two parallel rows of doped wells. The parallel rows of doped wells are interleaved with doped substrate and the doping of the wells is of a different type than that of the substrate. Based on the specification of the power switch circuit, the one or more attributes, and the layout placement constraint, the cell library design tool generates the power switch cell.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 27, 2012
    Date of Patent: May 13, 2014
    Assignee: Apple Inc.
    Inventors: Shingo Suzuki, Karthik Rajagopal, Bo Tang
  • Publication number: 20140089883
    Abstract: A method of generating an area efficient power switch cell includes receiving, by a cell library design tool, a specification of a power switch circuit to be established as a power switch cell in a cell library. The cell library design tool also receives one or more attributes of the power switch cell including a height of the cell boundary and receiving, by the cell library design tool, a layout placement constraint requiring the power switch cell to be placed in a semiconductor layout so as to bridge two parallel rows of doped wells. The parallel rows of doped wells are interleaved with doped substrate and the doping of the wells is of a different type than that of the substrate. Based on the specification of the power switch circuit, the one or more attributes, and the layout placement constraint, the cell library design tool generates the power switch cell.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 27, 2012
    Publication date: March 27, 2014
    Applicant: APPLE INC.
    Inventors: Shingo Suzuki, Karthik Rajagopal, Bo Tang
  • Patent number: 8621412
    Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for partitioning a placement of a circuit design into a plurality of regions. A constraint is generated based on the partitioning of the placement and on the sequential elements that are located within each region. The constraint is provided to one or more design tools, and the constraint forces sequential elements to fall within the same region on the next placement. Some regions can be classified as guides, and these regions act as a recommendation for a design tool instead of as an explicit rule. Other regions can be classified as inclusive, and sequential elements can be allowed to enter the region but any sequential elements already in the region must stay in the region. Further regions can be classified as exclusive, and no sequential elements may enter or leave these regions on the next placement of the circuit design.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 11, 2012
    Date of Patent: December 31, 2013
    Assignee: Apple Inc.
    Inventors: Suparn Vats, John H. Mylius, Karthik Rajagopal
  • Patent number: 8472330
    Abstract: A computer-implemented method for determining resources utilized by a service request in a data processing system. The method includes determining monitored relationship types from monitoring data, determining relationship domains, determining intra-domain relationships from relationships that are internal to the relationship domains and determining cross-domain relationships from the intra-domain relationships that are linked between pairs of the relationship domains, and determining resources utilized by the service request from the intra-domain and cross-domain relationships. The domains are derived from one of the relationship types that is monitored by a single monitoring application.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 22, 2007
    Date of Patent: June 25, 2013
    Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
    Inventors: Fausto Bernardini, Rong Nickle Chang, Perng Chang-shing, Karthik Rajagopal Gomadam, Chunqiang Tang, Tao Tao, Edward Cholchin So, Chun Zhang
  • Publication number: 20120161861
    Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) includes a functional circuit and a capacitor cell. The functional circuit may operate with one of two power supply voltages. The capacitor cell is used to provide power supply decoupling for the functional circuit, and includes multiple capacitors, each designed to withstand a maximum voltage equal to the lower of the two power supply voltages. When the functional circuit is to operate with the higher of the two power supply voltages, the capacitors in the capacitor cell are coupled in a series arrangement between power supply and ground terminals of the IC. When the functional circuit is to operate with the lower of the two power supply voltages, the capacitors in the capacitor cell are coupled in a parallel arrangement between the power supply and ground terminals. In an embodiment, the functional circuit is an input-output (I/O) circuit powered by 1.8V or 3.3V power supplies.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 28, 2010
    Publication date: June 28, 2012
    Applicant: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
    Inventor: KARTHIK RAJAGOPAL
  • Patent number: 8198918
    Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) includes a functional circuit and a capacitor cell. The functional circuit may operate with one of two power supply voltages. The capacitor cell is used to provide power supply decoupling for the functional circuit, and includes multiple capacitors, each designed to withstand a maximum voltage equal to the lower of the two power supply voltages. When the functional circuit is to operate with the higher of the two power supply voltages, the capacitors in the capacitor cell are coupled in a series arrangement between power supply and ground terminals of the IC. When the functional circuit is to operate with the lower of the two power supply voltages, the capacitors in the capacitor cell are coupled in a parallel arrangement between the power supply and ground terminals. In an embodiment, the functional circuit is an input-output (I/O) circuit powered by 1.8V or 3.3V power supplies.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 28, 2010
    Date of Patent: June 12, 2012
    Assignee: Texas Instruments Incorporated
    Inventor: Karthik Rajagopal
  • Publication number: 20100007374
    Abstract: The method, system, and apparatus of on-die Thevenin termination for high speed I/O interface are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system of terminating a transmission line of a chip includes a pull-up circuit located within the chip comprising a voltage source and a positive switch device coupled with the transmission line of the chip, a pull-down circuit located within the chip comprising a ground and a negative switch device coupled with the transmission line of the chip, a resistor located within the chip coupled with the voltage source, the positive switch device, the ground, the negative switch device, and a pad coupled with the resistor to terminate the transmission line of the chip. The system may include resistors coupled in parallel with each other. The system may include an impedance module to determine a load impedance value as seen from the pad that matches a source impedance value.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 14, 2008
    Publication date: January 14, 2010
    Inventors: Rajat Chauhan, Karthik Rajagopal, Vinod Menezes
  • Publication number: 20090160523
    Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides an input block which can receive input signals of a higher voltage swing when the internal components are fabricated using a lower voltage process. In an embodiment, the input block is designed to prevent current flow into an input signal path when the input signal is at a logic low level. In another embodiment, the input block is designed to recognize a logic value corresponding to a logic high level of input signals at a higher voltage level during a transition from logic low to logic high.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 20, 2007
    Publication date: June 25, 2009
    Applicant: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
    Inventors: Karthik Rajagopal, Somu Ghosh
  • Publication number: 20090160485
    Abstract: An output block fabricated using a lower-voltage process provides output signals with a higher voltage swing. The output block contains a differential amplifier portion and a hold circuit portion. The differential amplifier portion is activated only when the logic level of an output signal needs to be switched. Once the logic level is switched, the hold circuit portion maintains the logic level. As a result, high switching speeds may be achieved with relatively low power consumption. The circuits of the output block are also designed so that no constituent components are subjected to excessive voltages, thereby providing enhanced reliability.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 19, 2007
    Publication date: June 25, 2009
    Applicant: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
    Inventors: Karthik Rajagopal, Aatmesh
  • Publication number: 20080317217
    Abstract: A computer-implemented method for determining resources utilized by a service request in a data processing system. The method includes determining monitored relationship types from monitoring data, determining relationship domains, determining intra-domain relationships from relationships that are internal to the relationship domains and determining cross-domain relationships from the intra-domain relationships that are linked between pairs of the relationship domains, and determining resources utilized by the service request from the intra-domain and cross-domain relationships. The domains are derived from one of the relationship types that is monitored by a single monitoring application.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 22, 2007
    Publication date: December 25, 2008
    Inventors: Fausto Bernardini, Rong Nickle Chang, Perng Chang-shing, Karthik Rajagopal Gomadam, Chunqiang Tang, Tao Tao, Edward Cholchin So, Chun Zhang
  • Publication number: 20080297224
    Abstract: An aspect of the present invention minimizes static current consumption in an output block which receives a lower strength input signal and drives a corresponding output signal with a higher strength. Such a feature may be obtained while ensuring that no closed path exists between a first and second reference potentials (having voltage levels equaling upper and lower limits of the swing of the output signal) used by a circuit portion driving a pair of transistors operating as an inverter in the output block. In one embodiment, such a closed path is avoided during the steady state of the output signal, while in an alternative embodiment, the closed path is avoided during the transitions as well.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 15, 2008
    Publication date: December 4, 2008
    Applicant: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
    Inventor: Karthik Rajagopal
  • Publication number: 20060033529
    Abstract: Reducing the effect of coupling on a reference voltage received at a node of an output buffer, wherein the effect of coupling is due to the transitions in the output signals. An inverted signal of the output signal is connected to the node through an impedance (e.g., capacitor) that stores energy. The inverted signal pulls the node in the opposite voltage level direction compared to the coupling effect of the output signal, thereby leaving the reference voltage substantially unchanged. By selecting the capacitance of the capacitor equaling the parasitic capacitance between the node and the output of the output buffer, coupling may be reduced substantially.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 10, 2004
    Publication date: February 16, 2006
    Applicant: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
    Inventors: Rajat CHAUHAN, Karthik Rajagopal