Abstract: A process for electrolyzing Al2O3 to produce aluminum in a low temperature bath containing AlCl3 and an alkali metal chloride. The bath is maintained at a temperature of less than about 300 ° C. Solid aluminum is produced at the cathode in a frozen layer of the alkali metal chloride.

Abstract: A chemical delacquering composition, process and system for delacquering substrates such as aluminum scrap in which an aqueous solution containing at least one short-chain organic acid, preferably a mixture of two short-chain organic acids, and optional components such as surfactants, are contacted onto the substrate(s) with application of heat and agitation. The invention embraces the use of one or more organic acids (carboxylic acids) having a total of 2-12 carbons, preferably 3-8 carbons. Concentration of organic acid by weight ranges from about 0.5-8% per at least one organic acid, or preferably 2-4% for each organic acid component assuming two organic acid components are present. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, about 2-4% each of citric and lactic acids are present in the delacquering composition. Processing temperatures range from 160-212° F., preferably 180-212° F., and most preferably 185-212° F.

Abstract: A chemical delacquering composition, process and system for delacquering substrates such as aluminum scrap in which an aqueous solution containing at least one short-chain organic acid, preferably a mixture of two short-chain organic acids, and optional components such as surfactants, are contacted onto the substrate(s) with application of heat and agitation. The invention embraces the use of one or more organic acids (carboxylic acids) having a total of 2-12 carbons, preferably 3-8 carbons. Concentration of organic acid by weight ranges from about 0.5-8% per at least one organic acid, or preferably 2-4% for each organic acid component assuming two organic acid components are present. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, about 2-4% each of citric and lactic acids are present in the delacquering composition. Processing temperatures range from 160-212° F., preferably 180-212° F., and most preferably 185-212° F.

Abstract: A process for electrowinning metal in a low temperature melt is disclosed. The process utilizes an inert anode for the production of metal such as aluminum using low surface area anodes at high current densities.

Abstract: A process for electrowinning metal in a low temperature melt is disclosed. The process utilizes an inert anode for the production of metal such as aluminum using low surface area anodes at high current densities.

Abstract: A container body for foods and beverages having reduced gas and vapor permeability. The container body is preferably formed from a plastic resin and coated with a thin film of diamond-like carbon.

Abstract: The surface of an electrically conductive substrate is electrolytically modulated to a predetermined profile by subjecting the surface to electrodeposition or electrodissolution through ionically conductive body portions of an ionic conductance resist which masks the surface. The rate of passage of ionic species to or from any given point along the masked surface is controlled by the trans-resist ionic conductance or resistance at that point. The predetermined surface profile is generated by providing the resist with a trans-resist ionic conductance or resistance profile which patterns the predetermined surface profile.