Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for enhancing ingrowth of host bone comprising: modifying a bone graft structure to provide an ionic gradient to produce a modified bone graft structure; and implanting the modified bone graft structure. The present invention also relates to a method of enhancing the binding of growth factors and cell cultures to a bone graft structure comprising: applying ex vivo an effective quantity of an ionic force change agent to the surface of a bone graft structure to produce a binding-sensitized bone graft structure; implanting said binding-sensitized bone graft structure into a host bone; and administering to said binding-sensitized bone graft structure a molecule, a cell culture or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for plasma treatment and deposition of ionized molecules on a surface of an object in a vacuum. The apparatus has a plasma treatment system including a plasma reactor chamber, an ion deposition system including an ion deposition chamber that is connected to the plasma reactor chamber, and a vacuum system for maintaining a vacuum in the chambers. The ion deposition system may include an ion guide chamber for guiding ionized molecule towards the target surface. A target guiding system moves the target surface between the plasma reactor chamber and the ion deposition chamber within the vacuum system through a gate, such that the target surface may be alternately subjected to plasma treatment and to deposition of ionized molecules without leaving the vacuum system.