Abstract: A photodetector includes a substrate, a material layer, a first electrode made of a metal, a core, a second electrode and a light absorption layer made of graphene. The first electrode, the core, and the material layer constitute a hybrid plasmonic waveguide, and the light absorption layer is disposed thereon. Light guided in the hybrid plasmonic waveguide is absorbed by the light absorption layer, photoelectrically converted by the PTE effect, and extracted as an electric signal from the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A method includes steps of: expressing changes of velocity components of a paper material at an exit of a slice lip by using a mathematical model, wherein the changes of velocity components are caused by manipulating an edge flow adjustment means (or a side bleed adjustment means) of a headbox when supplying the paper material on a wire; without changing a velocity component of a flow of the paper material in the mathematical model, setting the mathematical model based on an assumption in which a velocity component orthogonally crossing a flow direction of the paper material is proportionally changed by changes of an edge flow (or a side bleed) of a certain response width from the exit of the slice lip; and conducting a forecasting calculation of changes of a fiber orientation profile in a cross direction by using the mathematical model.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide soft and pleasant-to-touch tissue papers for household use with high strength. Provided are a tissue paper for household use characterized in that it contains a pulp obtained by applying an impact force produced during the collapse of bubbles generated by cavitation to pulp fibers and a tissue paper for household use consisting of two or more paper layers characterized in that at least one paper layer contains a pulp obtained by applying an impact force produced during the collapse of bubbles generated by cavitation to pulp fibers.

Abstract: Methods for producing cast-coated papers showing a reduced level of curling and reduced curling or wavy deformation caused by moisture absorption or other reasons as well as showing a high surface quality in the cast-coated surface. The steps for producing cast-coated papers include applying a coating color based on a pigment and an adhesive on one side of a base paper, and pressing/drying the coated layer in the wet state against a casting drum mirror surface, where moisture is added to the coated paper by passing it through conditioned air at a high temperature and a high humidity (for 20 seconds or more) after pressing/drying the coated layer against a casting drum.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low-density neutral paper offering excellent opacity, opacity after printing and other advantageous printability properties despite high bulk, by containing, as a filler, precipitated calcium carbonate-silica composite having an average particle size of 30 ?m or less and produced by neutralizing a mixture of precipitated calcium carbonate and alkaline silicate to pH 7 to 9, wherein the ratio of precipitated calcium carbonate to silica (precipitated calcium carbonate/silica) is 30/70 to 70/30 in solid content by weight and the surface of precipitated calcium carbonate particles is covered with silica. In particular, the present invention provides a low-density printing paper, or an electrophotographic transfer paper offering excellent stiffness and copier suitability, by means of adjusting the filler content in paper to a range of 1 to 25 solid content percent by weight, or provides a neutral newsprinting paper by means of adjusting the filler content in paper to a range of 0.

Abstract: Provide a paper offering good paper strength properties in terms of strength and stiffness, high smoothness and excellent printing quality by adjusting the ash content in paper to a range of 3 to 40 percent by solid weight and allowing the paper to contain a pre-coagulated filler having an average particle size of 10 to 80 ?m as measured by the laser diffraction method, wherein such filler is obtained by processing a filler using a composite acrylamide copolymer comprising (A) an anionic polysaccharide and (B) a cationic and/or amphoteric acrylamide copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low-density neutral paper offering excellent opacity, opacity after printing and other advantageous printability properties despite high bulk, by containing, as a filler, precipitated calcium carbonate-silica composite having an average particle size of 30 ?m or less and produced by neutralizing a mixture of precipitated calcium carbonate and alkaline silicate to pH 7 to 9, wherein the ratio of precipitated calcium carbonate to silica (precipitated calcium carbonate/silica) is 30/70 to 70/30 in solid content by weight and the surface of precipitated calcium carbonate particles is covered with silica. In particular, the present invention provides a low-density printing paper, or an electrophotographic transfer paper offering excellent stiffness and copier suitability, by means of adjusting the filler content in paper to a range of 1 to 25 solid content percent by weight, or provides a neutral newsprinting paper by means of adjusting the filler content in paper to a range of 0.

Abstract: Processes for producing cast-coated papers showing a reduced level of curling after the preparation of the cast-coated papers and reduced curling or wavy deformation caused by moisture absorption or other reasons as well as showing a high surface quality in the cast-coated surface are provided. Thus, processes for producing cast-coated papers comprising the steps of applying a coating color based on a pigment and an adhesive on one side of a base paper, and pressing/drying the coated layer in the wet state against a casting drum mirror surface, wherein moisture is added to the coated paper by passing it through air at a high temperature and a high humidity (for 20 seconds or more) after pressing/drying the coated layer against a casting drum, as well as apparatuses therefor are provided.

Abstract: An improved crankcase ventilation system including an improved blow-by gas separator wherein it will be insured that oil cannot accumulate in the separator chamber under any running conditions so that the oil is totally precluded from being able to pass into the induction system.

Abstract: An improved timing sensor for an internal combustion engine that cooperates with the camshaft and is mounted on a bearing cap of the camshaft. The timing sensor and bearing cap extend through an opening in a cam cover that encloses the area where the camshaft is journaled so that the timing sensor can be removed without removing the cam cover.

Abstract: An improved crankcase ventilation system including an improved blow-by gas separator wherein it will be insured that oil cannot accumulate in the separator chamber under any running conditions so that the oil is totally precluded from being able to pass into the induction system.