Abstract: A radiographic intensifying screen is composed of a support, a phosphor layer containing phosphor and a surface protective layer overlaid in order. The surface protective layer shows a scattering length of 5 to 80 &mgr;m, in which the scattering length is measured at main wavelength of light emitted from the phosphor.

Abstract: A mammographic silver halide photosensitive material has at least one photosensitive emulsion layer on either one surface of a support. The emulsion layer is formed of a silver halide emulsion having an iodide content of less than 0.9 mol % based on silver. The photosensitive material exhibits a contrast of 3.7-4.8 as determined by processing the material by specific Developing Process (1). The photosensitive material is combined with a radiographic intensifying screen of Gd.sub.2 O.sub.2 S:Tb phosphor having a CTF of 0.40-1.00 at a spatial frequency of 5 lp/mm to construct a photographic combination.

Abstract: A radiographic itensifying screen has a support, a light-reflecting layer, a phosphor layer and a surface protective layer. The light-reflecting layer has a thickness of 15 to 100 .mu.m and is made of 25 to 75 vol. % of TiO.sub.2 particles having a mean particle size of 0.1 to 0.5 .mu.m and a polymer birder. The phosphor layer has a thickness of 40 to 120 .mu.m and contains particles of phosphor which gives a main luminance in a wavelength region of longer than 430 nm. This radiographic intensifying screen is preferably placed between an object to be exposed to radiation and a radiographic film.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material for mammography comprising a support having on one side thereof at least two light-sensitive emulsion layers different in sensitivity, in which the uppermost emulsion layer is less sensitive than the lower emulsion layer, the total silver content of all light-sensitive emulsion layers is from 2.0 to 5.5 g/m.sup.2, and the silver halide light-sensitive material exhibits an average contrast of from 3.6 to 4.8 and a sensitivity of from 0.03 to 0.07 lux.sec. when developed as specified; and an X-ray photographic image forming system for mammography comprising (A) a single-sided silver halide light-sensitive material and (B) an X-ray intensifying screen having a layer substantially comprising a Gd.sub.2 O.sub.2 S:Tb fluorescence substance, in which the screen has an emission luminance of 150 to 250 and a contrast transfer function of from 0.40 to 1.00 at a spatial frequency of 5 line pairs/mm, the silver halide light-sensitive material has an average contrast of 3.6 to 4.

Abstract: A chip collector is proposed which can collect chips efficiently and which is easy to maintain and allows replacement of throwaway inserts without removing the cutting tool from a spindle of a machine tool. The cylindrical casing is divided into two casing halves, one of which is pivotable from the other around a hinge. The chip collector is provided with a sub-chamber connected to a chip suction port and a discharge duct connected to the sub-chamber. Also, a face milling cutter used in combination with the chip collector is proposed.