Abstract: A semiconductor device has a plurality of power supply circuits whose generated voltages are different from each other, and a plurality of internal circuits whose operating voltages are different from each other. The power supply circuits and the internal circuits are interconnected by power lines with respective power supply switches inserted therein. The power lines are connected to a single external terminal by respective control lines with respective external switches inserted therein. The power supply circuits and the internal circuits can be tested from the single external terminal.

Abstract: To provide an economically advantageous process for manufacturing crystalline maltitol and crystalline mixture solid containing crystalline maltitol. The process of this invention uses the syrup having a maltose purity of 81 to 90% as the starting material. The syrup is hydrogenated under the existence of catalyst, and then subjected to a chromatographic separation by using cation-exchange resin, resulting in an aqueous solution of maltitol having a maltitol purity of 94 to 99.9%. The aqueous solution, is further crystallized in the presence of a seed crystal, subjected to a separation, cooled and kneaded so as to manufacture both crystalline maltitol and crystalline mixture solid containing crystalline maltitol at the same time.

Abstract: The crystalline mixture solid containing maltitol of the present invention has a crushed and relatively tight crystal structure which can be observed at 1,000 magnifications by a scanning electron microscope, an apparent specific gravity in the range of 0.650-0.750, an oil absorptivity of the powdered crystalline mixture solid containing maltitol having a particle size from 50 mesh to 20 mesh in the range of 7.0%-17%, in other words, is relatively heavy in apparent specific gravity and low in oil absorptivity, and the crystalline mixture solid containing maltitol is prepared by continuously supplying an aqueous solution of maltitol to an extruder provided with elongated cooling and kneading zones, cooling and kneading it in the presence of seed crystals to form a maltitol magma, and continuously extruded from a nozzle.

Abstract: This invention allows high-purity maltose to be manufactured both simply and economically by sequentially going through the steps of liquefaction of starch, saccharification of the resulting liquefied substance by combining with general-purpose enzymes and further saccharification with an enzyme which hydrolyzes oligosaccharides of trisaccharide or more, and also allows the economical and favorable manufacturing of maltitol, the reduced product of the above maltose, by going through an additional reduction step.

Abstract: An economic hydrogenation process is provided which significantly suppresses palladium catalyzer activity loss, for obtaining very high purity 1,4-CHDA through a simple operation. The process includes bringing the solution containing the hydrogenation reaction product of interest into contact with steam. The resultant products may include resins having excellent weather resistance or physical properties or high purity medical drugs. The process for preparing 1,4-cyclohexandicarboxylic acid is characterized by two consecutive steps. The first step includes the hydrogenation of a solution containing terephthalic acid in the presence of a palladium catalyzer in an acid resistant vessel or in a vessel layered with acid resistant material for preparing 1,4-cyclohexandicarboxylic acid. The second step includes contacting the solution containing 1,4-cyclohexandicarboxylic acid obtained in the first step with the steam, and extracting impurities moved to the steam.

Abstract: The crystalline mixture solid containing maltitol of the present invention has a crushed and relatively tight crystal structure which can be observed at 1,000 magnifications by a scanning electron microscope, an apparent specific gravity in the range of 0.650-0.750, an oil absorptivity of the powdered crystalline mixture solid containing maltitol having a particle size from 50 mesh to 20 mesh in the range of 7.0%-17%, in other words, is relatively heavy in apparent specific gravity and low in oil absorptivity, and the crystalline mixture solid containing maltitol is prepared by continuously supplying an aqueous solution of maltitol to an extruder provided with elongated cooling and kneading zones, cooling and kneading it in the presence of seed crystals to form a maltitol magma, and continuously extruded from a nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention is to solve a variety of problems relative to conventional lactitol crystals and relates to a trihydrate crystal of lactitol having a molecular formula C.sub.12 H.sub.24 O.sub.11.3H.sub.2 O and a melting point of 52.degree.-56.degree. C., a crystalline mixture solid containing it and a process for producing them.

Abstract: This invention allows high-purity maltose to be manufactured both simply and economically by sequentially going through the steps of liquefaction of starch, saccharification of the resulting liquefied substance by combining with general-purpose enzymes and further saccharification with an enzyme which hydrolyzes oligosaccharides of trisaccharide or more, and also allows the economical and favorable manufacturing of maltitol, the reduced product of the above maltose, by going through an additional reduction step.

Abstract: The disclosed porcelain insulator has built-in optical transmission media extending therethrough from a base metal secured at one end thereof to a conductor-holding fixture at the opposite end thereof. The conductor-holding fixture may carry one or both of two type sensing units: namely, a sensing unit having a current transformer (CT) coupled to the phase conductor, a load resistor connected to the CT, and an electro-optic element coupled to both said load resistor and said optical transmission medium; and another sensing unit having a capacitive potential transformer (PT) coupled to said conductor and an electro-optic element coupled to both said PT and said optical transmission medium.

Abstract: A process of preparing industrially trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol of high purity by distilling a mixture of cis- and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in the presence of alkali, or by heating a mixture of cis- and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in the presence of alkali and then distilling the heated mixture, and a process of preparing powdered trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol by pulverizing the distillate obtained above.

Abstract: The present invention is to solve a variety of problems relative to conventional lactitol crystals and relates to a trihydrate crystal of lactitol having a molecular formula C.sub.12 H.sub.24 O.sub.11 .multidot.3H.sub.2 O and a melting point of 52.degree.-56.degree. C., a crystalline mixture solid containing it and a process for producing them.

Abstract: The disclosed porcelain insulator has built-in optical transmission media extending therethrough from a base metal secured at one end thereof to a conductor-holding fixture at the opposite end thereof. The conductor-holding fixture may carry one or both of two type sensing units: namely, a sensing unit having a current transformer (CT) coupled to the phase conductor, a load resistor connected to the CT, and an electro-optic element coupled to both said load resistor and said optical transmission medium; and another sensing unit having a capacitive potential transformer (PT) coupled to said conductor and an electro-optic element coupled to both said PT and said optical transmission medium.

Abstract: There is disclosed a current-limiting arcing horn comprising a current-limiting unit and a ring horn. The current-limiting unit is composed of lower and upper electrodes, at least one nonlinear resistor element mounted between the electrodes, and an insulating member made of an insulation. The insulating member encloses the electrodes and the nonlinear resistor element. The insulating member has a certain length which is 1.5 to 3.0 times as long as the length of the nonlinear resistor element. The creepage distance of the surface of the insulating means is 1.5 to 3.0 times as long as the length of the insulating member. The grounding electrode of the current-limiting unit is fixed to the earthside base of an insulator that holds an insulated wire. The ring horn is mounted to the upper electrode. An air gap is formed between the ring horn and the insulated wire to permit a flashover by lightning surge across the gap.

Abstract: An open fuse cutout has a built-in lightning arrester. A supporting insulator has an attachment hole extending substantially perpendicularly to the axis thereof with the lightning arrester element fixedly fitted in the attachment hole. The lightning arrester element has a charging electrode held in abutment against either one of upper and lower electrodes, and a grounding electrode confronting a grounding member across a spark gap.

Abstract: An open fuse cutout has a built-in lightning arrester. The open fuse cutout includes a supporting insulator with a protective cap fixed to an upper end thereof and containing the lightning arrester disposed laterally or vertically. The lightning arrester element has a charging electrode confronting an upper electrode across a first spark gap and a grounding electrode confronting a grounding member across a second spark gap.