Abstract: The present invention includes: an identification code generation unit that generates, from information of a company code including a first code that uniquely identifies a management target in a part of a company in the part of the company and a second code that identifies the part of the company, an identification code including a history of the management target; a hash processing unit that hashes the identification code generated by the identification code generation unit according to a hash function and converts the hashed identification code into a meaningless code; and a reference code generation unit that generates a reference code unified for the entire company based on the meaningless code converted by the hash processing unit.

Abstract: A heating zone (4), a cooling zone (5), and a quenching zone (6) are provided inside a linear furnace body in this order, the heating zone (4), the cooling zone (5), and the quenching zone (6) being separated by partition doors (2, 3). Conveying means of a work (W) is a tray pusher (7) in the heating zone (4) and conveying means of the work (W) is roller hearths (8, 9) in the cooling zone (5) and the quenching zone (6), the roller hearths (8, 9) being independently driven.

Abstract: A heating zone (4), a cooling zone (5), and a quenching zone (6) are provided inside a linear furnace body in this order, the heating zone (4), the cooling zone (5), and the quenching zone (6) being separated by partition doors (2, 3). Conveying means of a work (W) is a tray pusher (7) in the heating zone (4) and conveying means of the work (W) is roller hearths (8, 9) in the cooling zone (5) and the quenching zone (6), the roller hearths (8, 9) being independently driven.

Abstract: There is provided a fluorescent lamp comprising a tubular glass bulb, an internal electrode provided at the center of the tubular glass bulb, a fluorescent layer formed on an inner surface of the tubular bulb, and an external electrode provided on an outer surface of the tubular glass bulb, said tubular glass bulb being charged with a rare gas containing xenon as a main ingredient, wherein the charged pressure of the rare gas is 100 to 300 torr, the inner diameter of the tubular glass bulb is 4 to 12 mm and the thickness of the tubular glass bulb is 0.4 to 1.2 mm. As a result, lighting voltage is greatly reduced, whereby the charged pressure of the rare gas can be increased, thereby making it possible to improve illuminance.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp (1) includes a tubular glass bulb (2), an internal electrode (5) within the tubular glass bulb (2), a fluorescent layer (4) formed on an inner surface of the glass bulb (2), an external electrode (3) provided on an outer surface of the glass bulb (2), and a covering glass tube (6) is disposed over the total length of the internal electrode (5). The fluorescent lamp (1) further includes a fluorescent layer (7) disposed on the outer surface of the glass tube (6). The fluorescent lamp (1), as configured above, makes it unnecessary to form the internal electrode into a coil, and absorbs the difference in thermal expansion coefficients. This prevents the internal electrode (5) from resonating with vibrations from the outside and prevents contact of the fluorescent layer (4) by the internal electrode (5).

Abstract: There is provided a fluorescent lamp comprising a tubular glass bulb, a fluorescent layer formed on an inner surface of the tubular glass, an external electrode provided on an outer surface of the tubular glass bulb, and an internal electrode provided on the inner surface of the tubular glass bulb, wherein the internal electrode formed from a conductive member is fixed on the inner surface of the tubular glass bulb by a glass having a low melting point to be in close contact with the inner surface of the tubular glass bulb. This makes it possible to arrange the tubular glass bulb and the internal electrode which have different thermal expansion coefficients without any problem due to resonance with vibration.

Abstract: There is provided an aperture type fluorescent lamp comprising a tubular bulb, an electrode, and a fluorescent layer formed on an inner surface of said tubular bulb in an axial direction of the tubular bulb, an aperture portion provided in said fluorescent layer along the axial direction of the tubular bulb so as to be made the aperture portion as a radiation portion, wherein said aperture portion comprises an aperture portion fluorescent layer having a thickness smaller than the fluorescent layer of other portions. The fluorescent lamp according to the present invention makes it possible to eliminate nonuniformitiy in illuminance.

Abstract: In the fluorescent lamp of the present invention, a fluorescent layer and a reflection layer are formed on an inner surface of a tubular glass bulb such that the reflection layer is formed between the glass bulb and the fluorescent layer, and the open angle of opening portions formed in the fluorescent layer and the refection layer is made smaller than that formed in the external electrode. Thereby, reflection efficiency is improved, thereby making it possible to increase the amount of light with the same power consumption. Since the independent reflection layer is formed and the external electrode does not need to serve as a reflector, flexibility is given to the setting of the area of the external electrode, whereby power consumption is set freely.

Abstract: A friction material obtained by flame spraying a metal which can be a sacrificial anode for iron on the surface of a friction material substrate in an amount of 0.5 to 8.0 mg/cm.sup.2 shows excellent resistance to judder and excellent rust prevention.