Abstract: The communications terminal 1 has the individual ID 2 added in the process of manufacturing and the authentication server 3 connected to the communications terminal 1 via the communications network 6 registers personal information 4. Upon receiving a connection request from the communications terminal 1, the authentication server 3 requires the communication terminal 1 for transmission of ID 2. The authentication server 3 performs authentication of ID2 transmitted from the communications terminal by determining if there is a match and provides services available when the ID 2 is authenticated.

Abstract: A network settlement system allowing easy payment without the need of any credit card or any other kinds of cards in the case of purchasing commodities on a network is disclosed. At least one shop is connected to the network and a user is allowed to access a cyber shop to purchase a commodity. A payer account used to pay a fee of using the network is previously registered. When a commodity has been purchased at the cyber shop by a user through the network, a server charges the commodity purchased to the registered payer account.

Abstract: A silver staining method comprising the steps of (1) pretreating a carrier bearing thereon a substance to be detected with an alcoholic solution containing polyethylene glycol or polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, and (2) treating the pretreated carrier with a solution comprising silver nitrate, a compound of R--NH.sub.2, and a caustic alkali in ratios by molecular weight of 1:4.5-9.5:1.0-26.0.The method according to the invention involves advantages of high sensitivity and good reproducibility of detection, simple operation, safe handling etc.