Abstract: An inner tube as a cylinder includes an axially extending tubular portion, a large-diameter portion, and a tapered portion. The large-diameter portion is located at one end side of the tubular portion and is formed so as to have a diameter increased radially outwardly. The tapered portion is located between the large-diameter portion and the tubular portion, and is formed in such a manner that the diameter thereof increases in a flaring manner from the one end of the tubular portion to the large-diameter portion. A tubular protrusion of a rod guide is fittedly attached to the inner circumferential side of the large-diameter portion. A valve mounting portion is formed at the inner circumferential side of the tubular portion. A valve mechanism is mounted on the valve mounting portion. A seat surface is formed at the back side of the valve mounting portion.

Abstract: [Problem] Provided is a damper for railway vehicles that uses disk valves as damping valves while ensuring reliability and durability. [Means for Solving] A piston 13 connected to a piston rod 14 is inserted into a cylinder 12 having a hydraulic oil sealed therein. Extension and compression passages 22 and 23 are provided with extension and compression damping valves 25 and 26 having disk valves, respectively, and a fail-safe passage 24 is provided with a poppet-type fail-safe valve 27, The flow paths of hydraulic oil are switched over from one to another by a fail-safe switching valve 28 and a fail-safe on-off valve 29. Normally, the fail-safe switching valve 28 and the fail-safe on-off valve 29 are energized, and damping force is generated by the extension and compression damping valves 25 and 26 having disk valves, which are excellent in responsiveness. The damping force is adjusted with a control electric current.

Abstract: An inner tube as a cylinder includes an axially extending tubular portion, a large-diameter portion, and a tapered portion. The large-diameter portion is located at one end side of the tubular portion and is formed so as to have a diameter increased radially outwardly. The tapered portion is located between the large-diameter portion and the tubular portion, and is formed in such a manner that the diameter thereof increases in a flaring manner from the one end of the tubular portion to the large-diameter portion. A tubular protrusion of a rod guide is fittedly attached to the inner circumferential side of the large-diameter portion. A valve mounting portion is formed at the inner circumferential side of the tubular portion. A valve mechanism is mounted on the valve mounting portion. A seat surface is formed at the back side of the valve mounting portion.

Abstract: A cylindrical linear motor includes a stator and a movable element disposed via a clearance with respect to the stator and movable rectilinearly with respect to the stator. The movable element has a plurality of permanent magnets fixed to a movable element core. The stator salient poles 3b are pitched at ?s and the permanent magnets 11 are pitched at ?p so that a relationship of 3/4<?p/?s<3/2 is established.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cylindrical linear motor that can develop great thrust and reduce thrust pulsations. The cylindrical linear motor includes a stator 1 and a movable element 10 disposed via a clearance with respect to the stator 1 and movable rectilinearly with respect to the stator 1. The stator 1 includes a stator core 3 having stator salient poles 3b, and a three-phase stator coil winding 2 inserted within the slots formed in the stator core 3. The movable element 10 has a plurality of permanent magnets 11 fixed to a movable element core 12. The cylindrical linear motor is constructed so that when the stator salient poles 3b are pitched at ?s and the permanent magnets 11 are pitched at ?p, a relationship of 3/4<?p/s<3/2 is established.

Abstract: A cylindrical linear motor, an electromagnetic suspension, and a vehicle using the same, which can generate a large thrust and reduce torque pulsations and cogging torque. The cylindrical linear motor comprises a stator and a slider disposed with a gap left relative to the stator and being linearly movable relative to the stator. The stator comprises a stator core having stator salient poles, and 3-phase stator windings inserted in slots formed in the stator core. The slider comprises a plurality of permanent magnets fixed to a slider core. The motor satisfies ?p:?s=9:9±1 where ?s is a pitch of the stator salient poles and ?p is a pitch of the permanent magnets.