Abstract: A physical property map image generation apparatus performs: acquiring, for each pattern of a material, physical property information indicating a physical property quantity for each physical property of a product; and generating a self-organizing map and a physical property map image. A position in a map space and a physical property vector indicating a value related to a physical property quantity for each type of physical properties of the product are assigned to each node on the self-organizing map. On the physical property map image 40, each of the nodes arranged in the map space is represented by a color assigned to that node. For each node, each of two or three base color components of a color assigned to the node is determined based on a value that a physical property vector assigned to that node indicates for a physical property corresponding to that base color.

Abstract: A singular material detection apparatus (2000) acquires, for each of a plurality of materials (60), material specification information (10) representing material specifications of the material (60) and physical property information (20) indicating physical properties of a product (70) that can be generated by using the material (60). The singular material detection apparatus (2000) generates a self-organizing map (30) by using the physical property information (20). The singular material detection apparatus (2000) assigns each of pieces of material specification information (10) to one of nodes based on the physical property information (20) corresponding to that piece of the material specification information (10). Then, the singular material detection apparatus (2000) detects, from among the nodes to which the pieces of material specification information (10) are assigned, a singular node located at a singular position in a map space.

Abstract: A map image generation apparatus acquires material specification information representing a material specification of a material and physical property information representing a physical property of a product. The map image generation apparatus generates a self-organizing map by using the physical property information. A position in a map space, and a physical property vector indicating, for each of a plurality of types of physical properties of the product, a value related to a physical property quantity of the physical property are assigned to each of nodes on the self-organizing map. The map image generation apparatus assigns, by using the material specification information, a specification vector indicating a value related to the material specification to each of the nodes. The map image generation apparatus generates a map image in which the nodes are clustered or colored based on the specification vectors.

Abstract: The detergent composition comprises ethoxylated glycerine, compound represented by the formula (I) and fatty acid alkaline metal salt, represented by the formula (II); the weight ratio of the former to the latter [(I)/(II)], being essentially 10/90-90/10, preferably 1/5 to 5/1, and most preferably 1/3 to 3/1. ##STR1## wherein: R' represents H or CH.sub.3, and each of n, m and l independently represents an integer from 0 to 20; being m+n+l=2-60 preferably 10-45.R--COOM (II)wherein R represents alkyl or alkenyl group having C.sub.7-21, and M represents an alkaline metal.The combination of compounds (I) and (II) permits a saving in the amount of antifoaming agents, as well as shows a better performance in skin irritation, oral toxicity and biodegradation, without deteriorating its detergency.

Abstract: A detergent composition comprising a mixture of mono-, di- and tri-ester nonionic compounds represented by formula (I) and a nonionic compound represented by formula (II), wherein the weight ratio of said mono-, di and tri-ester nonionic compounds is 46-90/9-30/1-15, ##STR1## wherein B represents a hydrogen atom or a ##STR2## group and R represents an alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R' represents H or a CH.sub.3 group, and each of n, m and p independently represents an integer from 0 to 40 and m+n+p=2-100; said detergent composition exhibiting outstanding biodegradability, non-toxicity, non-irritancy, foam stability and better dye inhibition transfer, while maintaining and even improving detergency.

Abstract: An N-substituted amine is produced by reacting an alcohol or aldehyde with ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine in the presence of a catalyst comprising:(a) (1) copper, (2) a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, iron and zinc and (3) a metal of the platinum VIII group;(b) (1) copper, (2) cobalt and (3) a metal of the platinum VIII group;(c) (1) copper, (2) a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc, (3) a metal of the platinum VIII group and (4) a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals; or(d) (1) copper, (2) a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc, (3) a metal of the platinum VIII group and (4) a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tungsten and molybdenum.

Abstract: A softener composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt having two hydrocarbon radicals having 12-22 carbon atoms and one unsaturated bond; the stereoisomeric structure of the above salt includes both the cis-isomer and the trans-isomer with the cis-isomer/trans-isomer ratio being in the range of from 25/75-90/10.

Abstract: A surface active agent comprising a specific type of secondary amidoamino acid or ammonium ion or triethanolammonium salt thereof, ##STR1## as a major component, and not more than 0.2 mole of an inorganic salt per 100 gm of said secondary amidoamino acid or 100 gm of a salt thereof as converted to the acid type secondary amidoamino acid. The surface active agent can be prepared by subjecting the alkali metal salt of secondary amidoamino acid, usually containing a great amount of impurities such as sodium chloride, to electrodialysis. It has excellent compatibility with various additives such as water-soluble polymer due to its low ionic strength and yet exhibits a good low-temperature stability when made into an aqueous solution owing to its low Krafft point.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing an alkanolammonium salt or ammonium salt of an amino acid surface active agent or an acylated amino acid surface active agent. In the process, an alkali metal salt of an amino acid surface active agent or acylated amino acid surface active agent is subjected to electrodialysis in the presence of a mineral acid salt of an alkanolamine or ammonia, or a mixture of an alkanolamine or ammonia and a mineral acid.By-products which are produced during the preparation of the above surface active agents can be mostly removed to outside during the electrodialysis and are thus purified conveniently.

Abstract: A toner for development of an electrostatically charged image which comprises at least a binder, a colorant and a compound having the formula (I) or (III): ##STR1## wherein A represents a phenol group-containing compound residue,B represents a group of the general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.4 each represent a methylene or ethylene group,R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent an alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, aralkyl or cyclic alkyl group or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be combined to form a ring,R.sub.5 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an arylene group, preferably phenylene,R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, aryl, aminoalkyl, aralkyl or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 may be combined to form a ring,p represents a number of 1 to 200,n.sub.1 and q each is zero or 1, r is zero or an integer of 1 to 3 and n.sub.2 is an integer of 1 to 3 or zero in the formula (I) and a number of 1 to 400 in the formula (III).

Abstract: A secondary amine is effectively prepared by reacting an alcohol or an aldehyde with a primary amine in the presence of a catalyst of copper, nickel and a metal element belonging to the platinum group VIII at a pressure of the atmospheric pressure to 5 kg/cm.sup.2 G at a temperature of 150.degree. to 250.degree. C., while water produced in the reaction is being removed out, and separating the resulting secondary amine from the product mixture.

Abstract: A tertiary amine is effectively prepared by reacting a primary or secondary amine with formaldehyde in the presence of a palladium or platinum catalyst at a hydrogen pressure of 3 to 50 kg/cm2 (gauge pressure) at a temperature of 80.degree. to 180.degree. C., by controlling the addition of formaldehyde to the starting amine.

Abstract: A 1,2-substituted imidazoline compound having the formula (I): ##STR1## in which R2 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and n is 2 or 3, is produced by (1) feeding in a reactor a dialkylenetriamine (II) with a higher fatty acid of R2COOH or an ester thereof (III) at a molar ratio of the compound (III) to the compound (II) in the range of 1.5:1 to 1.8:1, (2) effecting the reaction at an internal temperature of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. at a reduced pressure, (3) adding to the reaction mixture so that the above defined molar ratio in total may reach at least 2.0:1 and (4) continuing the reaction at an internal temperature of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. at a reduced pressure. The reaction proceeds with a high yield of the product (I), without by-production to primary and second amines.

Abstract: An imidazoline compound, suitable for an amphoteric surfactant, is prepared from by reacting (a) an alkylimidazoline with a monohaloacetic acid in (b) a lower alcohol and (c) water in the presence of an alkali, by-production of inorganic salts being prevented by controlling proportions of (a), (b) and (c) within the scope shown in the drawing.

Abstract: A tertiary amine of a high purity is prepared from an alcohol or an aldehyde and a primary or second amine at a low temperature, using a catalyst of copper, nickel and an element belonging to the VIII platinum group such as platinum, palladium, ruthenium and rhodium, while removing out water formed by the reaction.