Abstract: It is intended to provide a method for forming a brick lining to construct a sidewall of a kiln/furnace, while improving efficiency of brick lining forming work without causing any increase in manufacturing cost of bricks to be used. The brick lining forming method comprises stacking a plurality of tiers of bricks, respectively, on a plurality of tier regions of an inner surface of a hollow approximately cylindrical-shaped peripheral portion of a kiln/furnace to construct a side wall of the kiln/furnace, wherein two or more of the plurality of tier regions are different in terms of pre-lining radius, wherein only bricks identical in terms of taper angle and height dimension are used, except for an adjustment brick, in each of the two or more tier regions different in terms of the pre-lining radius, wherein bricks identical in terms of the taper angle, the height dimension and length dimension, and different in terms of back face width, are used in at least a part of each of the two or more tier regions.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a method for forming a brick lining to construct a sidewall of a kiln/furnace, while improving efficiency of brick lining forming work without causing any increase in manufacturing cost of bricks to be used. The brick lining forming method comprises stacking a plurality of tiers of bricks, respectively, on a plurality of tier regions of an inner surface of a hollow approximately cylindrical-shaped peripheral portion of a kiln/furnace to construct a side wall of the kiln/furnace, wherein two or more of the plurality of tier regions are different in terms of pre-lining radius, wherein only bricks identical in terms of taper angle and height dimension are used, except for an adjustment brick, in each of the two or more tier regions different in terms of the pre-lining radius, wherein bricks identical in terms of the taper angle, the height dimension and length dimension, and different in terms of back face width, are used in at least a part of each of the two or more tier regions.

Abstract: An Oxygenator as a medical instrument includes at least one first hollow fiber membrane layer comprised of a plurality of integrated first hollow fiber membranes, and forms a shape of a cylindrical body as a whole, and at least one second hollow fiber membrane layer disposed at the outer circumferential side of the first hollow fiber membrane layer in a state of being concentric with the first hollow fiber membrane layer, has a plurality of integrated second hollow fiber membranes, and forms a shape of a cylindrical body as a whole. Moreover, each of the first hollow fiber membranes is wound around a central axis, and each of the second hollow fiber membranes is wound around a central axis. The number of times the second hollow fiber membranes are wound is smaller than the number of times the first hollow fiber membranes are wound.

Abstract: A production method for a medical instrument includes a plurality of integrated hollow fiber membrane producing a base material forming a cylindrically-shaped body. Each of the hollow fiber membranes sequentially passes through a first point, a second point, a third point, a fourth point, and a fifth point that are set on a core member. In an outward path heading toward the third point from the second point, the hollow fiber membrane reaches the third point from the second point at the shortest distance while being wound in the circumferential direction of the core member. Moreover, in a homeward path heading toward the fifth point from the fourth point, the hollow fiber membrane reaches the fifth point from the fourth point at the shortest distance while being wound in the circumferential direction of the core member in the same direction as in the case of the outward path.

Abstract: A production method for a medical instrument includes a plurality of integrated hollow fiber membrane producing a base material forming a cylindrically-shaped body. Each of the hollow fiber membranes sequentially passes through a first point, a second point, a third point, a fourth point, and a fifth point that are set on a core member. In an outward path heading toward the third point from the second point, the hollow fiber membrane reaches the third point from the second point at the shortest distance while being wound in the circumferential direction of the core member. Moreover, in a homeward path heading toward the fifth point from the fourth point, the hollow fiber membrane reaches the fifth point from the fourth point at the shortest distance while being wound in the circumferential direction of the core member in the same direction as in the case of the outward path.

Abstract: An oxygenator includes: a housing; a hollow fiber membrane bundle stored in the housing and having multiple integrated hollow fiber membranes with a gas exchange function; a gas inlet portion and a gas outlet portion provided on the upstream and downstream of gas passages in lumens of the hollow fiber membranes, respectively; a blood inlet portion and a blood outlet portion provided on the upstream and downstream of blood passages outside the hollow fiber membranes, respectively; a first filter member provided on the hollow fiber membrane bundle in contact with a blood outlet portion side surface so as to cover substantially the entire surface and has a function to catch bubbles in blood; and a second filter member that is separated from the first filter member, positioned between the first filter member and the blood outlet portion, and has a function to catch bubbles in blood.

Abstract: An oxygenator includes a housing; a hollow fiber membrane layer that is stored in the housing and has multiple integrated hollow fiber membranes with a gas exchange function; a gas inlet portion and a gas outlet portion that are provided on the upstream and downstream of gas passages in lumens of the hollow fiber membranes, respectively; and a blood inlet portion and a blood outlet portion that are provided on the upstream and downstream of blood passages outsides of the hollow fiber membranes, respectively. The hollow fiber membranes in the hollow fiber membrane layer are fixed relative to each other at one end portion and the other end portion thereof. Conditions 30??60 and OD?4.5×? are met where ? [?m] is an average separation distance between the adjacent hollow fiber membranes at a fixed portion of the hollow fiber membrane layer and OD [?m] is the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane.

Abstract: A production method for a medical instrument includes a plurality of integrated hollow fiber membrane producing a base material forming a cylindrically-shaped body. Each of the hollow fiber membranes sequentially passes through a first point, a second point, a third point, a fourth point, and a fifth point that are set on a core member. In an outward path heading toward the third point from the second point, the hollow fiber membrane reaches the third point from the second point at the shortest distance while being wound in the circumferential direction of the core member. Moreover, in a homeward path heading toward the fifth point from the fourth point, the hollow fiber membrane reaches the fifth point from the fourth point at the shortest distance while being wound in the circumferential direction of the core member in the same direction as in the case of the outward path.

Abstract: An Oxygenator as a medical instrument includes at least one first hollow fiber membrane layer comprised of a plurality of integrated first hollow fiber membranes, and forms a shape of a cylindrical body as a whole, and at least one second hollow fiber membrane layer disposed at the outer circumferential side of the first hollow fiber membrane layer in a state of being concentric with the first hollow fiber membrane layer, has a plurality of integrated second hollow fiber membranes, and forms a shape of a cylindrical body as a whole. Moreover, each of the first hollow fiber membranes is wound around a central axis, and each of the second hollow fiber membranes is wound around a central axis. The number of times the second hollow fiber membranes are wound is smaller than the number of times the first hollow fiber membranes are wound.

Abstract: An oxygenator includes a housing; a hollow fiber membrane layer that is stored in the housing and has multiple integrated hollow fiber membranes with a gas exchange function; a gas inlet portion and a gas outlet portion that are provided on the upstream and downstream of gas passages in lumens of the hollow fiber membranes, respectively; and a blood inlet portion and a blood outlet portion that are provided on the upstream and downstream of blood passages outsides of the hollow fiber membranes, respectively. The hollow fiber membranes in the hollow fiber membrane layer are fixed relative to each other at one end portion and the other end portion thereof. Conditions 30??60 and OD?4.5×? are met where ? [?m] is an average separation distance between the adjacent hollow fiber membranes at a fixed portion of the hollow fiber membrane layer and OD [?m] is the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane.

Abstract: An oxygenator includes: a housing; a hollow fiber membrane bundle stored in the housing and having multiple integrated hollow fiber membranes with a gas exchange function; a gas inlet portion and a gas outlet portion provided on the upstream and downstream of gas passages in lumens of the hollow fiber membranes, respectively; a blood inlet portion and a blood outlet portion provided on the upstream and downstream of blood passages outside the hollow fiber membranes, respectively; a first filter member provided on the hollow fiber membrane bundle in contact with a blood outlet portion side surface so as to cover substantially the entire surface and has a function to catch bubbles in blood; and a second filter member that is separated from the first filter member, positioned between the first filter member and the blood outlet portion, and has a function to catch bubbles in blood.

Abstract: In a method for producing a lactic acid oligomer by subjecting an aqueous lactic acid solution to a polycondensation reaction under microwave irradiation, the polycondensation reaction is carried out under reduced pressure in the absence of a polymerization catalyst and an organic solvent. An initial polycondensation reaction is carried out under normal pressure, and thereafter, a reaction is carried out under reduced pressure. The pressure is reduced stepwise to give a final pressure of 2000 Pa or less. A lactic acid oligomer which has a high purity and is safe from hygiene point of view can be obtained at a low cost in a short time.

Abstract: An extracorporeal circuit, which makes it possible to efficiently collect priming solution by displacing the priming solution with blood after the priming solution is fed to the extracorporeal circuit to prime the extracorporeal circuit, includes a circuit body including first and second tubes, a feed bag that feeds the priming solution, a blood reservoir in which a liquid is temporarily stored, a third tube that branches out from the middle of the first tube, and a collection bag which communicates with the third tube and into which the priming solution is collected through the third tube. After the priming solution is fed from the feed bag to prime at least a housing, when the priming solution in the housing is displaced by blood, the priming solution in the housing is transferred and collected in the collection bag due to a height difference between the liquid level and the collection bag.

Abstract: A bubble trap for removing bubbles from blood flowing through an extracorporeal circuit includes device body possessing blood inlet and outlet ports, and a negative-pressure chamber at the upper part of the device body that is adapted to be connected to a gas evacuator at a gas outlet port so that a negative-pressure state can be kept therein. Two communication passages provide communication between the gas outlet port and the device body. On the first communication passage, a liquid-repellant or water-repellent filter is provided in a manner crossing the passage. On the second communication passage, a valve member is arranged. Within the device body, a buoyant float is provided. A mechanism is provided to remove bubbles from the blood by the cooperation of the float and the valve member.

Abstract: An extracorporeal circulator comprising a line for extracting blood from a patient, a pump for supplying blood, an artificial lung section performing gas exchange on blood, a line for supplying blood passed through the artificial lung section to the patient, a unit for removing bubbles mixed into the blood, a controller for controlling the flow rate of blood being supplied such that bubbles are not fed to the patient, and a line for detouring blood delivered from the blood pump to return it to the blood pump.

Abstract: In a method for producing a lactic acid oligomer by subjecting an aqueous lactic acid solution to a polycondensation reaction under microwave irradiation, the polycondensation reaction is carried out under reduced pressure in the absence of a polymerization catalyst and an organic solvent. An initial polycondensation reaction is carried out under normal pressure, and thereafter, a reaction is carried out under reduced pressure. The pressure is reduced stepwise to give a final pressure of 2000 Pa or less. A lactic acid oligomer which has a high purity and is safe from hygiene point of view can be obtained at a low cost in a short time.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbonic ester, characterized in that an aromatic monohydroxy compound or an aliphatic monohydroxy compound is subjected to oxidative carbonylation with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst using a compound having a carbonate bond as a reaction solvent. A process for producing a polycarbonate, characterized in that an aromatic dihydroxy compound or an aliphatic dihydroxy compound is subjected to oxidative carbonylation with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst using a compound having a carbonate bond as a reaction solvent is also described. The carbonic ester can be produced with a higher yield and at a higher reaction rate and, also, a polycarbonate having a higher molecular weight as compared with the conventional method can be produced with a higher yield and at a higher reaction rate.

Abstract: An oxygenator unit includes a venous reservoir, a centrifugal pump, an oxygenator, a connection part for connecting the reservoir and the pump, a connection part for connecting the pump and the oxygenator, and a unit frame. The unit frame includes a reservoir receiving part, a pump receiving part provided at the position under a blood outlet of the venous reservoir disposed at the reservoir receiving part, and an oxygenator receiving part provided at the position in the vicinity of the blood outlet of the centrifugal pump disposed on the pump receiving part. The reservoir is disposed at the reservoir receiving part, the pump is disposed at the pump receiving part; and the oxygenator is disposed at the oxygenator receiving part, and they are held by the unit frame, resulting in a unit.

Abstract: An extracorporeal circuit, which makes it possible to efficiently collect priming solution by displacing the priming solution with blood after the priming solution is fed to the extracorporeal circuit to prime the extracorporeal circuit, includes a circuit body including first and second tubes, a feed bag that feeds the priming solution, a blood reservoir in which a liquid is temporarily stored, a third tube that branches out from the middle of the first tube, and a collection bag which communicates with the third tube and into which the priming solution is collected through the third tube. After the priming solution is fed from the feed bag to prime at least a housing, when the priming solution in the housing is displaced by blood, the priming solution in the housing is transferred and collected in the collection bag due to a height difference between the liquid level and the collection bag.

Abstract: An extracorporeal circulator comprising a line for extracting blood from a patient, a pump for supplying blood, an artificial lung section performing gas exchange on blood, a line for supplying blood passed through the artificial lung section to the patient, a unit for removing bubbles mixed into the blood, a controller for controlling the flow rate of blood being supplied such that bubbles are not fed to the patient, and a line for detouring blood delivered from the blood pump to return it to the blood pump.