Abstract: Rule-based control for charged-particle beam instrument, typified by a scanning electron microscope, capable of accurately controlling the excitation of plural lenses with a small amount of data. The instrument is equipped with a computer which is programmed with a fuzzy reasoning software inference engine, a pretreatment routine, a posttreatment routine, a rule base in which rules are stored, and a rule editor capable of editing the rules in the rule base. The fuzzy reasoning inference engine infers, by fuzzy reasoning, amounts (numerical values) which control the excitation of the lenses. The pretreatment routine normalizes parameters and enters the normalized variables into the inference engine. The posttreatment routine denormalizes output variables from the fuzzy reasoning inference engine.

Abstract: An antenna and its electronic circuit combination is presented to comprise a ground conductor plane 30, a radiating conductor plane 40 disposed in parallel spaced relation to the ground plane 30 and shorted at its one end to the ground plane 30. A ground plane 30 is preferably formed on a printed board 10 which is disposed in parallel relation to the radiating plane 40 to define therebetween an open air space. Mounted on the printed board 10 and received within the open air space are electronic components which form a receiving or transmitting electronic circuit 60 associated with the antenna structure and electrically coupled by means of a feed element 20 to a feed point 44 on the radiating plane 40.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pressure-sensitive and conductive rubber, wherein an involatile or volatile liquid organic substance is impregnated with and swelled in a composite conductive rubber obtained by adding a conductive filler such as a carbon black, metallic fine powders or the like thereto, the involatile or volatile liquid organic substance having compatibility with the composite conductive rubber. The involatile or volatile organic substance immersed in the composite conductive rubber is penetrated between adjacent particles of the conductive filler, thereby respective distances between the adjacent particles thereof are widened and a conductivity resistance of energizing route in the composite conductive rubber under a normal condition is increased.