Abstract: A shock absorber comprises a first cylinder including an inside bore; a piston dividing the inside bore of the first cylinder into a first chamber and a second chamber; a piston rod which extends within the first chamber; a second cylinder surrounding the first cylinder; a first connection passage arranged to connect the first chamber to a location outside of the shock absorber; a first tube member defining a second connection passage connected with the second chamber at the second end of the first cylinder; and a damping device comprising at least one valve element, the damping device being disposed between the second chamber and the second connection passage. The piston is configured to separate the first and second chambers so that the first and second chambers are not in fluid communication with each other through the piston.

Abstract: In a suspension structure, a suspension link has a hollow structure in which a pair of frame brackets are joined together, while opposing each other. Also provided is a stiffening bracket integrally connected to both the frame brackets for holding and sandwiching the frame brackets together. The stiffening bracket is configured to hold and sandwich both an end face of a first one of the frame brackets facing apart from the mating face with the second frame bracket and an end face of the second frame bracket facing apart from the mating face with the first frame bracket together. One end of a stabilizer, a height sensor, or the like is connected to the stiffening bracket.

Abstract: In a suspension structure, a suspension link has a hollow structure in which a pair of frame brackets are joined together, while opposing each other. Also provided is a stiffening bracket integrally connected to both the frame brackets for holding and sandwiching the frame brackets together. The stiffening bracket is configured to hold and sandwich both an end face of a first one of the frame brackets facing apart from the mating face with the second frame bracket and an end face of the second frame bracket facing apart from the mating face with the first frame bracket together. One end of a stabilizer, a height sensor, or the like is connected to the stiffening bracket.

Abstract: A shock absorber includes a first cylinder extending from a first end to a second end in a first direction, and including an inside bore; a piston dividing the inside bore of the first cylinder into a first chamber between the piston and the first end, and a second chamber between the piston and the second end of the first cylinder; a piston rod extending in the first chamber; and a second cylinder surrounding the first cylinder to form a space between the first and second cylinders, and thereby defining a first connection passage connecting the first chamber to the outside. A tube member extends, from the second end of the first cylinder, in a direction away from the second chamber, and defines a second connection passage connecting the second chamber to the outside. A damping device is arranged to provide a damping force to an operating fluid flowing between the second chamber and the second connection passage, and connected between the second chamber and the second connection passage.