Abstract: An endoscope bending tube manufacturing method includes: arranging one of two adjacent ring tubes on an outer side of an other one of the two adjacent ring tubes; after inserting a connecting shaft through both a through hole of an outer ring tube and a through hole of an inner ring tube, performing processing of making an end portion of the connecting shaft increase in diameter by plastic working of pushing and stretching the end portion in a radial direction of the connecting shaft; fixing an outer peripheral surface of the connecting shaft to the through hole of the outer ring tube by bringing the outer peripheral surface into close contact with the through hole of the outer ring tube; and rotatably connecting the one of the two adjacent ring tubes to the other one of the two adjacent ring tubes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a joint structure, includes: setting a shaft in a pre-fixed state in which the shaft is not fixed to a fixed part while the shaft is inserted into a through hole formed through a movable part, and a distal end of the shaft is inserted into a through hole formed through the fixed part; inserting a punch into an opening of a counterbore while swinging the punch; pressing, by lowering the punch while swinging the punch in the counterbore, sides of the punch alternately against sides of an inner curved surface of the counterbore according to the swinging of the punch; and fixing the shaft to the fixed part by enlarging an inner diameter of the counterbore to make the distal end of the shaft be closely in contact with the inner curved surface of the through hole of the fixed part.

Abstract: An endoscope bending tube manufacturing method includes: arranging one of two adjacent ring tubes on an outer side of an other one of the two adjacent ring tubes; after inserting a connecting shaft through both a through hole of an outer ring tube and a through hole of an inner ring tube, performing processing of making an end portion of the connecting shaft increase in diameter by plastic working of pushing and stretching the end portion in a radial direction of the connecting shaft; fixing an outer peripheral surface of the connecting shaft to the through hole of the outer ring tube by bringing the outer peripheral surface into close contact with the through hole of the outer ring tube; and rotatably connecting the one of the two adjacent ring tubes to the other one of the two adjacent ring tubes.

Abstract: A connection structure includes: a first pipe member including a first fixing unit, a housing section, and an area closer to the second end side than the first fixing unit, the area being covered with an outer layer of the housing section; and a second pipe member including a two-stage structure including a first part, and a second part, a second fixing unit capable of being fixed to the first fixing unit, the second fixing unit being provided on an inner peripheral surface of the first part, and a positioning unit. The first pipe member is inserted into the second pipe member to determine positions with respect to each other by the positioning unit, the first and second fixing units are fixed to each other, and the outer layer is pressed and fixed to the first pipe member by the second part.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus, according to the present invention can include a forming portion capable of forming a mark on a bearing member, a light projecting portion capable of irradiating a light onto the bearing member, a light receiving portion capable of receiving a reflection light from the bearing member and from the mark, and outputs a received light signal in accordance with the received light amount, a judging portion capable of judging the existence or non-existence of a mark on the bearing member based on the received light signal, an evaluating portion capable of evaluating a reflection state of the bearing member and an adjusting portion capable of adjusting a light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving portion at a time of a judgment by the judging portion, in accordance with an evaluation of the evaluating portion.

Abstract: A product of a predetermined time interval and the number of periods is set to be an integer multiple of a time (or agitation period) required for one rotation of an agitation member and also a light receiving state is detected when an interval signal is Hi. Therefore, the number of times that light cannot be received due to the agitation member (or the number of agitation influences) is constant within one period. Since the number of agitation influences is set to the constant number of times in one period and the influence of the agitation member is constant at the remaining developer amount ratio of 1/Light Receiving Ratio, the light receiving ratio appropriately indicating the remaining developer amount can be obtained and the remaining developer amount can be correctly detected.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a conveying unit that conveys a transferred medium in a first direction, an image forming unit, a controller that controls the image forming unit to form a test pattern including first and second line segments slanting toward directions opposite to each other, wherein the first line segment is offset, in an offset direction, from a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second line segment is offset, in a direction opposite to the offset direction, from the second direction, a detection unit that detects passage of at least respective parts of the first and second line segments; and a calculating unit that calculates a position where the image forming unit forms an image based on a time difference between times at which the detection unit detects the passage of the at least part of the first and second line segments.

Abstract: In a communication system, an access source page is printed, together with an entry column and code regions on a sheet of paper, the entry column being provided for entering a command content to access destination pages, the code regions being provided for entering codes for specifying access destination pages corresponding to the entry column. Then, the sheet of paper on which the command content has been entered by a user is read. A URL of an access destination page corresponding to each entry column in which the command content has been entered is specified on the basis of contents entered in the code regions, a link list or a text file. At least one command to the specified URL is specified on the basis of check-off states of check columns constituting each entry column. Then, at least one process corresponding to the command is applied to the URL.

Abstract: A product of a predetermined time interval and the number of periods is set to be an integer multiple of a time (or agitation period) required for one rotation of an agitation member and also a light receiving state is detected when an interval signal is Hi. Therefore, the number of times that light cannot be received due to the agitation member (or the number of agitation influences) is constant within one period. Since the number of agitation influences is set to the constant number of times in one period and the influence of the agitation member is constant at the remaining developer amount ratio of 1/Light Receiving Ratio, the light receiving ratio appropriately indicating the remaining developer amount can be obtained and the remaining developer amount can be correctly detected.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus, according to the present invention can include a forming portion capable of forming a mark on a bearing member, a light projecting portion capable of irradiating a light onto the bearing member, a light receiving portion capable of receiving a reflection light from the bearing member and from the mark, and outputs a received light signal in accordance with the received light amount, a judging portion capable of judging the existence or non-existence of a mark on the bearing member based on the received light signal, an evaluating portion capable of evaluating a reflection state of the bearing member and an adjusting portion capable of adjusting a light receiving sensitivity of the light receiving portion at a time of a judgment by the judging portion, in accordance with an evaluation of the evaluating portion.

Abstract: Print data received from a host computer is divided into five bands, and expansion time required for expanding the print data is estimated. If it is determined based on the estimated expansion time that a print overrun would occur, grayscale depth during the expansion of the print data is reduced by two bits at a time, in the priority sequence of yellow, cyan, then magenta, until it can be determined that a print overrun will not occur.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a conveying unit that conveys a transferred medium in a first direction, an image forming unit, a controller that controls the image forming unit to form a test pattern including first and second line segments slanting toward directions opposite to each other, wherein the first line segment is offset, in an offset direction, from a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second line segment is offset, in a direction opposite to the offset direction, from the second direction, a detection unit that detects passage of at least respective parts of the first and second line segments; and a calculating unit that calculates a position where the image forming unit forms an image based on a time difference between times at which the detection unit detects the passage of the at least part of the first and second line segments.

Abstract: Print data received from a host computer is divided into five bands, and expansion time required for expanding the print data is estimated. If it is determined based on the estimated expansion time that a print overrun would occur, grayscale depth during the expansion of the print data is reduced by two bits at a time, in the priority sequence of yellow, cyan, then magenta, until it can be determined that a print overrun will not occur.

Abstract: In a communication system, an access source page is printed, together with an entry column and code regions on a sheet of paper, the entry column being provided for entering a command content to access destination pages, the code regions being provided for entering codes for specifying access destination pages corresponding to the entry column. Then, the sheet of paper on which the command content has been entered by a user is read. A URL of an access destination page corresponding to each entry column in which the command content has been entered is specified on the basis of contents entered in the code regions, a link list or a text file. At least one command to the specified URL is specified on the basis of check-off states of check columns constituting each entry column. Then, at least one process corresponding to the command is applied to the URL.