Abstract: To reduce the projection of a swash plate servo mechanism in the radial direction, and to make a hydraulic continuously variable transmission compact, a swash plate plunger pump includes a pump casing provided with an input driven gear. A pump cylinder and a motor cylinder are connected to a transmission output shaft, and a motor pivot member provided with a motor swash plate member is supported to be pivotally movable. A motor servo mechanism includes a ball screw shaft, a ball nut to which an end portion of the motor pivot member is connected, and a swash plate control motor to rotate the screw shaft. A swash plate control motor, located on the side of a hydraulic pump relative to the input driven gear, is mounted to the outside surface of a transmission housing close to the center axis side of a transmission output shaft.

Abstract: The fuel cell system of liquid fuel direct supply type includes an proton-conductive solid polymer film as an electrolyte, a cell part containing an anode and a cathode disposed to face each other with the proton-conductive solid polymer film intervening therebetween, a filter for removing metallic ions from a liquid fuel, a fuel supplying line for supplying the liquid fuel to the cell part through the filter, and an oxygen supplying line for supplying oxygen to the cell part, and the filter contains an inorganic ion exchange material.

Abstract: An exhaust device includes an exhaust pipe connected at its upstream end to a cylinder head of the engine and an exhaust muffler connected to the downstream end of the exhaust pipe for suppressing the generation of noise from a heat insulating cover that covers a part of the exhaust pipe. A heat insulating cover covers a portion of the exhaust pipe near the engine and a stay is fixed to the heat insulating cover. The stay includes a supporting plate portion curved so as to partially surround the outer circumference of the exhaust pipe. A first vibration isolating member is provided that is sandwiched between the outer circumference of the exhaust pipe and the supporting plate portion, a band member is tightened to mount the supporting plate portion to the exhaust pipe, and a second vibration isolating member is sandwiched between the supporting plate portion and the band member.

Abstract: An exhaust muffler system for use on a motorcycle or four-wheeled vehicle provides for operation in either of two modes, a regular configuration that provides a high degree of noise reduction, or a racing specification that provides for a freer-flowing exhaust. Without changing the main body of the muffler, an operator can choose between a quieter, public road setting or a louder, high performance setting. The muffler is provided with two interchangeable spark arresters, and a main body having multiple expansion chambers therein, defined by bulkheads. When a regular spark arrester is installed, exhaust gas passes through one bulkhead three times, greatly reducing the noise produced. With the spark arrester removed, the exhaust gas passes straight through to the open air, enhancing performance. A seal is provided between the bulkheads and the spark arrester, which provides for extension or retraction in the lengthwise direction of the tail pipe.

Abstract: To reduce the projection of a swash plate servo mechanism in the radial direction, and to make a hydraulic continuously variable transmission compact, a swash plate plunger pump includes a pump casing provided with an input driven gear. A pump cylinder and a motor cylinder are connected to a transmission output shaft, and a motor pivot member provided with a motor swash plate member is supported to be pivotally movable. A motor servo mechanism includes a ball screw shaft, a ball nut to which an end portion of the motor pivot member is connected, and a swash plate control motor to rotate the screw shaft. A swash plate control motor, located on the side of a hydraulic pump relative to the input driven gear, is mounted to the outside surface of a transmission housing close to the center axis side of a transmission output shaft.

Abstract: An exhaust muffler system for use on a motorcycle or four-wheeled vehicle provides for operation in either of two modes, a regular configuration that provides a high degree of noise reduction, or a racing specification that provides for a freer-flowing exhaust. Without changing the main body of the muffler, an operator can choose between a quieter, public road setting or a louder, high performance setting. The muffler is provided with two interchangeable spark arresters, and a main body having multiple expansion chambers therein, defined by bulkheads. When a regular spark arrester is installed, exhaust gas passes through one bulkhead three times, greatly reducing the noise produced. With the spark arrester removed, the exhaust gas passes straight through to the open air, enhancing performance. A seal is provided between the bulkheads and the spark arrester, which provides for extension or retraction in the lengthwise direction of the tail pipe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicle's air intake device. In an embodiment, the intake device comprises an intake pipe, an air cleaner case in fluid communication with the intake pipe, a connection pipe in fluid communication with the air cleaner case, a carburetor attached to the connection pipe, and a plurality of resonators. In an embodiment, the intake device comprises an intake pipe, an air cleaner case in fluid communication with the intake pipe, a connection pipe in fluid communication with the air cleaner case, a carburetor attached to the connection pipe, and means for reducing intake sound levels.

Abstract: A high-performance exhaust silencer in which a shell wall includes a shell outer plate, a shell inner plate, and a damping material to be inserted therebetween. A space between the shell outer plate and shell inner plate of the exhaust silencer is narrowed and the shell outer plate and the shell inner plate will not interfere with each other. An outer shape of the exhaust silencer is small but the expansion chambers are large by providing an air space between the shell outer plate and the shell inner plate. For the above-mentioned damping material, a material obtained by stretchably weaving metal wire into mesh is used.

Abstract: A lubricating system for a power unit for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine. A static oil hydraulic type non-stage transmission is disposed on a left lateral side of a crankshaft, and a lubricating oil tank is formed integrally with a main body of the internal combustion engine and is disposed on a right lateral side opposite to the side of the transmission, with the crankshaft therebetween.

Abstract: A static hydraulic continuously variable transmission includes a fixed capacity swash type hydraulic pump and a variable capacity swash type hydraulic motor, connected by a hydraulic closed circuit. A control system and method controls hydraulic pressure in the variable transmission, and thereby reduces the likelihood of noise in the variable transmission under certain driving conditions. The hydraulic pressure is controlled by changing the inclination angle of a movable swash plate. The driving conditions which prompt the control system may include: (1) A signal voltage of a throttle sensor indicates the throttle opening is lower than a first threshold value; (2) A vehicle speed is over a second threshold value; (3) An acceleration is over a third threshold value; (4) An engine speed is below a fourth threshold value; and (5) Conditions (1) through (4) last for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: An error correction apparatus comprises a buffer memory for successively storing ECC error correction blocks included in the reproducing signal read from the optical disk in units of a row including a corresponding inner code parity, and an error correction means for successively performing an error correction on the read row by reading the column of information data stored in a buffer memory and said inner code parity corresponding to the column from among the ECC error correction block and using the read inner code parity in parallel with processing for storing the remaining data forming the ECC error correction block at a timing before all of data constituting the ECC error correction block is stored in the buffer memory.

Abstract: An oil passage extending from an oil pump to a discharge port in an internal combustion engine is, at its halfway point, branched into at least two oil passages, for example, a first oil passage and a second oil passage. One of the at least two branched oil passages, for example, the second oil passage is provided with a restricting portion configured as a first orifice for restricting a flow amount of oil by reducing a diameter of the first orifice. A bypass valve is provided which acts, when a hydraulic pressure in the second oil passage exceeds a specific value, to bypass the first orifice so as to increase the flow rate of oil. It is possible to increase the hydraulic pressure at the time of low speed rotation up to a necessary pressure only by providing the restricting portion, without enhancing the performance of the oil pump.

Abstract: A crankshaft holding structure 10 for use in an internal combustion engine has a front crankshaft 35 supported by a radial roller bearing 25 that is fixed to a crankcase 11 and has an inner side surface 26a. A land 40 of the front crankshaft 35 is held in abutment against the inner side surface 26a to limit crankshafts 30, 35 against axial elongation and deformation. The radial roller bearing 25 has an outside diameter D1 that is the same as an outside diameter of a radial ball bearing 20. The forgoing arrangement includes simplified bushings cast in a crankcase and having bearing press-fitted therein, that allows the bushings to be used as common parts.

Abstract: A rear end surface of a muffler is inclined so as to extend in parallel to the ground (E) when an all terrain vehicle is leaned against a support with rear ends of a rear carrier and rear portions of two rear wheels in contact with the ground (E) for storage. The volume of the expansion chamber of the muffler can be easily increased without making the muffler touch the ground when the all terrain vehicle is leaned against a support and without requiring large-scale modification. Thus, the silencing ability of the muffler of the all terrain vehicle can be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell in the form of stacked unit cells each having a power generating section composed of a fuel electrode, an oxidant electrode, and an electrolyte plate held therebetween, which are placed on top of the other. In this fuel cell, a liquid fuel is introduced into each unit cell by the capillary action and evaporated in each unit cell in a fuel evaporating portion, so that the fuel electrode is supplied with the evaporated fuel.

Abstract: The invention provides a fuel cell in which humidification control for maintaining adequate moisture in electrolyte membranes can be simplified. The fuel cell according to the invention is provided with a unit cell comprising a laminate of a plurality of power generation sections, each power generation section comprising a fuel electrode (anode), an oxidant electrode(cathode) and an electrolyte membrane interposed between the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode(cathode), wherein the electrolyte membrane consists of a laminate comprising a film made of a proton-conducting organic compound, and a film made of a proton-conducting inorganic glass provided at least on the surface of the film of the proton-conducting organic compound facing the fuel electrode(anode).

Abstract: A data decoding apparatus and the method and a data reproduction apparatus which reduces capacity of a memory used for decoding and speedily accesses to data to be read. In a data decoding apparatus (50) and the method which decodes coded data (S2) which is recorded in a recording medium (2), the coded data (S2) read from the recording medium (2) is stored in a memory used for decoding (51), data information of data to be read is detected from decoded data which is generated in the middle of decoding the coded data (S2), the data information is stored in a data information storage means and the output of decoded data (S10) is controlled on the based on the data information, thereby the output of the decoded data (S10) is controlled based on the data information independent of decoding of the coded data (S2).

Abstract: To provide a muffler structure capable of lowering muffler cost. A muffler structure is provided in which a sound absorbing material is laid on the inside surface of an outer tube. The sound absorbing material is retained by an inner tube made of a metal that is punched with a plurality of holes. The inner tube is divided into a plurality of expansion chambers. Exhaust gas from an engine is led into the fiat expansion chamber by an inlet pipe. The exhaust gas is discharged out after being supplied to the second and third expansion chambers in succession through the connecting pipes. In the muffler structure, the inner tube is made of an approximately flat metal that is punched with a plurality of holes by bending the metal into circular form until its opposite edges are butted to each other, and is fitted in the outer tube, with the butt portions not jointed, so that the butt portions will come behind the connecting pipe when viewed from the inlet pipe side.

Abstract: A crankshaft holding structure 10 for use in an internal combustion engine has a front crankshaft 35 supported by a radial roller bearing 25 that is fixed to a crankcase 11 and has an inner side surface 26a. A land 40 of the front crankshaft 35 is held in abutment against the inner side surface 26a to limit crankshafts 30, 35 against axial elongation and deformation. The radial roller bearing 25 has an outside diameter D1 that is the same as an outside diameter of a radial ball bearing 20. The foregoing arrangement includes simplified bushings cast in a crankcase and having bearings press-fitted therein, that allows the bushings to be used as common parts.

Abstract: An oil passage extending from an oil pump to a discharge port in an internal combustion engine is, at its halfway point, branched into at least two oil passages, for example, a first oil passage and a second oil passage. One of the at least two branched oil passages, for example, the second oil passage is provided with a restricting portion configured as a first orifice for restricting a flow amount of oil by reducing a diameter of the first orifice. A bypass valve is provided which acts, when a hydraulic pressure in the second oil passage exceeds a specific value, to bypass the first orifice so as to increase the flow rate of oil. It is possible to increase the hydraulic pressure at the time of low speed rotation up to a necessary pressure only by providing the restricting portion, without enhancing the performance of the oil pump.