Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes: a quartz glass bulb having an expanded portion and sealing portions; conductive elements, and a pair of electrodes. The conductive elements are airtightly sealed at the sealing portions of the quartz glass bulb. Each electrode of the pair of electrodes is disposed so as to be opposite the other and each electrode is connected to one of the conductive elements. An angle &thgr;1 between a tangent along the inner surface of the expanded portion at a position 0.5 mm away from an origin of one of the sealing portions along the length direction of each electrode and the direction of the length of each electrode is at least about 40°.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a quartz glass bulb having a sealing portion; and a pair of electrodes. Each electrode of the pair of electrodes is disposed so as to be opposite the other in the quartz glass bulb. The quartz glass bulb of the high pressure discharge lamp contains at least mercury and a halogen gas. The partial pressure of oxygen (O) in the quartz glass bulb is about 2.5×10−3 Pa or less and the partial pressure of the halogen gas in the quartz glass bulb is in the range between about 1×10−8 &mgr;mol/mm3 and 1×10−7 &mgr;mol/mm3.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a quartz glass bulb, a conductive element which is sealed at a sealing portion of the bulb, and a pair of electrodes. Each electrode is disposed in the quartz glass bulb so as to be opposite the other and connected to the conductive element. A part of each electrode is sealed with the quartz glass bulb at the sealing portion so as to generate a contacting portion formed by the part of each electrode and the bulb. The maximum length, Lmax, of the contacting portion is defined as: Lmax(mm)≦/200/(P×D); and the minimum length, Lmin, of the contacting portion is defined as: Lmin(mm)≧0.8/(D2×&pgr;) or Lmin(mm)≧0.7 whichever is longer, where D is the diameter (mm) of the electrode and P is the power (W) supplied to the electrode.

Abstract: A long-life high-pressure discharge lamp suffers reduced blackening and luminance drop even after it has been turned on over a long period of time, and is arranged to prevent the internal gases from leaking out and also to prevent the lamp bulb from being ruptured. The high-pressure discharge lamp has a pair of confronting electrodes inserted in a lamp bulb which confines therein at least mercury and a halogen gas. The lamp bulb contains oxygen at a partial pressure lower than a partial pressure which can maintain a luminance of 80% after 100 hours of operation and equal to or higher than 1.0×10−5 Pa.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp is effective to prevent initial blackening on an outer casing thereof, is of a long service life, and can easily be manufactured. A tungsten wire is wound as a double coiled winding around an electrode metal rod, leaving a tip end thereof, and the double coiled winding is machined into a melted tip end by a YAG laser beam, with the remaining double coiled winding used as a coil. The left tip end of the metal rod is machined into a nipple on the distal end of the melted tip end. If it is assumed that the melted tip end has a diameter D1 and a length L1 up to its distal end, the nipple has a proximal end having a diameter D2 and a length L2 from the proximal end up to the distal end thereof, and the coil and the melted tip end (including the nipple) have a volume V1 and the melted tip end (including the nipple) has a volume V2, then the electrode assembly is machined to satisfy at least one of the conditions 0.15≦D2/D1≦0.3, 0.2≦L2/L1 ≦0.4, and 0.2≦V2/V1≦0.4.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp includes: a quartz glass bulb; conductive elements; and a pair of electrodes. The conductive elements are airtightly sealed at sealing portions of the quartz glass bulb. Each electrode of the pair of electrodes is disposed so as to be opposite each other and connected to one of the conductive elements. The quartz glass bulb is formed as a single piece unit by using a synthetic quartz whose viscosity is about 1013 poise or more at about 1200° C.

Abstract: A high-voltage discharge lamp has a bulb made of quartz glass, a pair of electrodes and molybdenum foils, wherein the pair of electrodes are arranged so as to oppose each other and are joined to respective ones of the molybdenum foils, and the bulb and molybdenum foils are hermetically sealed at seal portions of the bulb. The joints between the pair of electrodes and the respective molybdenum foils are covered by cylindrical members having slits on an outer surface and/or an inner surface thereof.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a quartz glass bulb and a pair of electrodes. Each electrode of the pair of electrodes is disposed so as to be opposite the other in the quartz glass bulb. The quartz glass bulb of the high pressure discharge lamp contains at least mercury and a halogen gas which are airtightly sealed in the quartz glass bulb. The partial pressure of oxygen (O) in the quartz glass bulb is about 2.5×10−3 Pa or less and the partial pressure of the halogen gas in the quartz glass bulb is in the range between about 1×10−6 &mgr;mol/mm3 and 1×10−8 &mgr;mol/mm3. The pair of electrodes contain potassium oxide in the range between about 20 ppm and 40 ppm.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes: a quartz glass bulb having an expanded portion and sealing portions, conductive elements, and a pair of electrodes. The conductive elements are sealed at the sealing portions of the quartz glass bulb. Each electrode is disposed so as to be opposite the other and connected to one of the conductive elements. The lamp is characterized in that Dp (the distance between an end of each electrode) is in the range between 1.0 and 1.6 mm, S (the longest length of the expanded portion in the direction of a discharge path)=e×Di (wherein 0.8≦e<1.0), Di (the largest inside diameter of the expanded portion transverse to the discharge path)=g×Dp (wherein 4≦g≦8), and Do (the largest outside diameter of the expanded portion transverse to the discharge path)≧Di+4.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a quartz glass bulb, a conductive element which is sealed at a sealing portion of the bulb, and a pair of electrodes. Each electrode is disposed in the quartz glass bulb so as to be opposite the other and connected to the conductive element. A part of each electrode is sealed with the quartz glass bulb at the sealing portion so as to generate a contacting portion formed by the part of each electrode and the bulb. The maximum length, Lmax, of the contacting portion is defined as: Lmax (mm)≦200/(P×D); and the minimum length, Lmin, of the contacting portion is defined as: Lmin (mm)≧0.8/(D2×&pgr;) or Lmin (mm)≧0.7 whichever is longer, where D is the diameter (mm) of the electrode and P is the power (W) supplied to the electrode.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes: a quartz glass bulb having an expanded portion and sealing portions; conductive elements, and a pair of electrodes. The conductive elements are airtightly sealed at the sealing portions of the quartz glass bulb. Each electrode of the pair of electrodes is disposed so as to be opposite the other and each electrode is connected to one of the conductive elements. An angle &thgr;1, between a tangent along the inner surface of the expanded portion at a position 0.5 mm away from an origin of one of the sealing portions along the length direction of each electrode and the direction of the length of each electrode is at least about 40°.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a quartz glass bulb having a sealing portion; and a pair of electrodes. Each electrode of the pair of electrodes is disposed so as to be opposite the other in the quartz glass bulb. The quartz glass bulb of the high pressure discharge lamp contains at least mercury and a halogen gas. The partial pressure of oxygen (O) in the quartz glass bulb is about 2.5×10−3 Pa or less and the partial pressure of the halogen gas in the quartz glass bulb is in the range between about 1×10−8 &mgr;mol/mm3 and 1×10−7 &mgr;mol/mm3.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp includes: a quartz glass bulb; conductive elements; and a pair of electrodes. The conductive elements are airtightly sealed at sealing portions of the quartz glass bulb. Each electrode of the pair of electrodes is disposed so as to be opposite each other and connected to one of the conductive elements. The quartz glass bulb is formed as a single piece unit by using a synthetic quartz whose viscosity is about 1013 poise or more at about 1200° C.

Abstract: A high-voltage discharge lamp has a bulb made of quartz glass, a pair of electrodes and molybdenum foils, wherein the pair of electrodes are arranged so as to oppose each other and are joined to respective ones of the molybdenum foils, and the bulb and molybdenum foils are hermetically sealed at seal portions of the bulb. The joints between the pair of electrodes and the respective molybdenum foils are covered by cylindrical members having slits on an outer surface and/or an inner surface thereof.

Abstract: A discharge tubule has improved first and second side portions made of a material having a higher resisitvity to the sputtering, for example, any of titanium carbide (TiC), beryllia (BeO) and boron carbide (B.sub.4 C), wherein the first and second side portions are exposed to a strong sputtering by a plasma gas generated by a large current discharge. The selected material of any of the titanium carbide (TiC), beryllia (BeO) and boron carbide (B.sub.4 C) makes the discharge tubule free from receiving any damage due to the strong sputtering by the plasma gas generated by the large current discharge and further free from any deformation thereof. This ensures that the ion laser tube has a long life time.

Abstract: A helical slow-wave circuit assembly includes a helix, P-BN pillars, a metal cylinder, artificial diamond films, and intermediate films. The helix constitutes a slow-wave circuit of the electromagnetic wave with respect to an electron flow and generates an electromagnetic wave that travels as a current flows. The P-BN pillars are disposed equidistantly around the helix in a direction along which the electromagnetic wave travels, and contains at least nitrogen. The metal cylinder supports the helix therein through the P-BN pillars. The artificial diamond films are formed on outer circumferential surfaces of the P-BN pillars. The intermediate layers are formed between the P-BN pillars and the artificial diamond films and prevents diffusion of nitrogen from the P-BN pillars to the diamond films.

Abstract: A discharge portion of an ion laser tube is formed of either amorphous carbon or crystalline graphite member having an amorphous carbon layer on its surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel ion-laser tube possessive of a high output characteristic. The ion-laser tube includes an improved slender discharge tube made of silicon carbide possessive of a high resistivity to sputtering caused by high energy ions and electrons involved in a large discharge current. The improvement in the novel ion-laser tube over the prior art manifests in the discharge tube having an inner wall surface possessive of a small roughness, typically approximately 4 micrometers or smaller. Such small roughness in the inner wall surface of the discharge tube is possessive of preventing silicon carbide molecules existing in the inner wall surface thereof to be sputtered by high energy ions and electrons involved in the large discharge current. As a result of those, the novel ion-laser tube is free from a substantial reduction of laser output.

Abstract: The invention provides an ion laser tube in which a TiC or B.sub.4 C coating layer having excellent durability to plasma bombardment and an alumina coating layer for preventing oxidation of TiC and B.sub.4 C are provided on an inner face of a central hole in an SiC capillary member, whereby stability to electric discharge or plasma bombardment increases and properties of the ion laser tube are stabilized. Thus, the sputtering resistance is improved and degradation of the laser properties is suppressed.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to prevent generation of leak caused by deterioration of a frit glass component at AlN/KB glass sealing section which is caused by discharge at the time of laser tube operation.In the present invention, a high fusing point glass made up of a zinc/boric acids material is used at the sealing section of AlN/KB glass, adding to use a conventional low fusing point glass made up of a lead/sillic acids material. By means of this, it is possible to reduce the number of bubbles generation on the sealing interface of an AlN component and a low fusing point glass and to prevent deterioration of the low fusing point glass at laser tube operation and leak at the sealing section.