Abstract: A magnetic signal recording method of the present invention superimposes a recording edge of a recordable region on a region where there is substantial equality between (a) a coercive force in a region on a magnetic recording medium in which the coercive force has been varied, and (b) magnetic field intensity, which is generated by a magnetic recording head. The magnetic field intensity has a magnetic field distribution whose lowering rate in an in-track position is maximum in the region. The magnetic recording head, whose recording magnetic field is distributed in a rectangular shape, is used in this way so as to form a magnetic bit having a rectangular shape that is suitable for reproduction performed by a common reproduction head having a rectangular reproduction region, thereby improving an S/N of a reproduction signal dramatically.

Abstract: A cleaning device (10) used in a cleaning treatment, in which deposits adhering to an object to be cleaned are removed by a recycled cleaning liquid, comprises a first sensor (11) generating a first signal representing a cleanness of the cleaning liquid before use in the cleaning treatment, a second sensor (13) generating a second signal representing a cleanness of the cleaning liquid after use in he cleaning treatment, and a cleaning-end-judgement section (20) acquiring a difference between the first and second signals to judge that the cleaning treatment has been completed when the acquired difference is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium which includes a first magnetic layer on a substrate is provided with a second magnetic layer having a greater largest possible absolute value of magnetization than the first magnetic layer within a temperature range of from a room temperature to a Curie temperature, and a metal layer made of metal having unspontaneous magnetization property. With this, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording medium having improved coersivity so as to realize stable recording and reproducing even if the size of a record unit is small.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a first wiring layer formed in a first direction, a second wiring layer formed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a third wiring layer formed in the second direction to sandwich the first wiring layer between the third wiring layer and the second wiring layer. The second and third wiring layers are shifted from each other by a predetermined distance in the first direction. An automatic layout method for a semiconductor integrated circuit, and a recording medium are also disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetic signal recording method of the present invention superimposes a recording edge of a recordable region on a region where there is substantial equality between (a) a coercive force in a region on a magnetic recording medium in which the coercive force has been varied, and (b) magnetic field intensity, which is generated by a magnetic recording head. The magnetic field intensity has a magnetic field distribution whose lowering rate in an in-track position is maximum in the region. The magnetic recording head, whose recording magnetic field is distributed in a rectangular shape, is used in this way so as to form a magnetic bit having a rectangular shape that is suitable for reproduction performed by a common reproduction head having a rectangular reproduction region, thereby improving an S/N of a reproduction signal dramatically.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a first wiring layer formed in a first direction, a second wiring layer formed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a third wiring layer formed in the second direction to sandwich the first wiring layer between the third wiring layer and the second wiring layer. The second and third wiring layers are shifted from each other by a predetermined distance in the first direction. An automatic layout method for a semiconductor integrated circuit, and a recording medium are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, having a function to inhibit type IV phosphodiesterase (PDE) ##STR1## [X: an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R.sup.1 : a lower alkyl group, a cycloalkyl-lower alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group,R.sup.2 : a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a halogeno-lower alkyl group, a hydroxy-lower alkyl group, a mercapto-lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy-lower alkyl group, a lower alkylthio-lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyloxy-lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoylthio-lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl-lower alkyl group, a hydroxyimino-lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxyimino-lower alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a lower alkanoyl group,R.sup.3 : a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group,R.sup.4 : a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group,R.sup.

Abstract: 1,8-Naphthyridine derivatives represented by the following general formula (I), salts thereof, hydrates thereof and solvates thereof. ##STR1## They have an activity to inhibit type IV phosphodiesterase and are useful as agents for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases, inflammatory diseases accompanying organ transplantation, systemic or local arthropathy, proliferative diseases, micturition-related diseases and diseases in which tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and other cytokine (IL-1, IL-6 or the like) are concerned.

Abstract: Novel benzoxazine derivatives of the formula (I): ##STR1## are provided as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and a method for their use as potassium channel activating agents 2-(3,4-Dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-6-phenylsulfonyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-4-yl)pyridine N-oxide is illustrative of a benzoxazine derivative of formula (I).