Abstract: Multiple light emitting device modules can be configured to illuminate in multiple different directions, while avoiding deterioration of radiation efficiency by use of fins. In a lighting fixture, multiple light emitting device modules can each have fins for radiating heat generated by the light emitting device. The multiple light emitting device modules can be arranged in such a manner that a main optical axis line of one light emitting device module and main optical axis lines of any other light emitting device modules form an angle larger than zero degrees, or are in a skewed position, and the fins can be arranged in such a manner that all the fins are parallel with respect to a vertical plane and roots of the fins are positioned at the same level as or lower than tips of the fins.

Abstract: Multiple light emitting device modules can be configured to illuminate in multiple different directions, while avoiding deterioration of radiation efficiency by use of fins. In a lighting fixture, multiple light emitting device modules can each have fins for radiating heat generated by the light emitting device. The multiple light emitting device modules can be arranged in such a manner that a main optical axis line of one light emitting device module and main optical axis lines of any other light emitting device modules form an angle larger than zero degrees, or are in a skewed position, and the fins can be arranged in such a manner that all the fins are parallel with respect to a vertical plane and roots of the fins are positioned at the same level as or lower than tips of the fins.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal panel comprising 2 layers of liquid crystal cells, each of which comprises a ferroelectric crystal sealed between two substrates and then is laminated together; wherein one of said liquid crystal cells is operated as a panel driving liquid crystal cell and the other of said liquid crystal cells is operated as an optical compensating cell, while both said liquid crystal cells being driven by rectangular wave AC signals. Furthermore, the ferroelectric liquid crystal panel is constructed to operate in an intermediate tone by varying the phases of said rectangular wave AC signals applied to the liquid crystal cells of the first and second layers.