Abstract: Since a global motion vector detector is disposed on the same chip as, for example, an image converter utilizing spatial correlations, a first problem is that an original frame is not completely reproduced in an image, since the frame to be referred to when detecting the global motion vector is an image obtained by inverse-converting a nonreversibly compression-converted image. A second problem is that, upon high-efficient image encoding, the detection process of the global motion vector is performed even when it is not necessary to detect the global motion vector. An image encoding apparatus is equipped with a mechanism for detecting a global motion vector. The mechanism is located outside an image converter that utilizes spatial correlations, such as high-frequency component removal by a DCT and round-down by a quantization, and variable encoding.

Abstract: Since a global motion vector detector is disposed on the same chip as, for example, an image converter utilizing spatial correlations, a first problem is that an original frame is not completely reproduced in an image, since the frame to be referred to when detecting the global motion vector is an image obtained by inverse-converting a nonreversibly compression-converted image. A second problem is that, upon high-efficient image encoding, the detection process of the global motion vector is performed even when it is not necessary to detect the global motion vector. An image encoding apparatus is equipped with a mechanism for detecting a global motion vector. The mechanism is located outside an image converter that utilizes spatial correlations, such as high-frequency component removal by a DCT and round-down by a quantization, and variable encoding.

Abstract: The conventional technique has a problem that when a calculated global motion vector is incorrect, a search range is difference from the original one and the possibility of incorrect calculation of the motion vector becomes high and problem that the incorrect calculation of the motion vector may cause lowering of efficiency of the dynamic image encoding. A motion vector calculation device divides a global macro block into middle blocks and detects middle motion vectors for calculation of a global motion vector. Middle motion vectors considered to have abnormal values are excluded from the detected middle motion vectors. According to the remaining middle motion vectors, an accurate global motion vector is calculated.

Abstract: A video camera includes a lens, an iris and an iris driving circuit, an image sensor, a circuit for dividing the picture into a plurality of sub-areas for extracting the luminance of each sub-area according to the luminance signal provided from the image sensor as a luminance distribution signal, a circuit for generating a signal defining a target value of an iris driving signal, an adaptive circuit using an artificial neural network to which the luminance distribution signal is input for carrying out adaptive conversion so that the offset between a provided teacher signal and its own output is minimized, and a switch for selecting either the target value signal or the output of the adaptive circuit to provide the same as a teacher signal to the adaptive circuit.

Abstract: A video camera includes a lens, an iris and an iris driving circuit, an image sensor, a circuit for dividing the picture into a plurality of sub-areas for extracting the luminance of each sub-area according to the luminance signal provided from the image sensor as a luminance distribution signal, a circuit for generating a signal defining a target value of an iris driving signal, an adaptive circuit using an artificial neural network to which the luminance distribution signal is input for carrying out adaptive conversion so that the offset between a provided teacher signal and its own output is minimized, and a switch for selecting either the target value signal or the output of the adaptive circuit to provide the same as a teacher signal to the adaptive circuit.