Abstract: A second controller executes processing including displaying a pattern image including a plurality of control points and a plurality of line segments connecting control points of the plurality of control points, receiving an input indicating a first position on the pattern image, selecting at least two vertexes of a smallest first polygon overlapping the first position among polygons formed by the plurality of line segments, and displaying mark images indicating that the at least two vertexes were selected.

Abstract: An image forming method includes forming an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic latent image bearer, developing the electrostatic image with a toner to form a visible image, transferring the visible image onto a recording medium, and fixing the transferred visible image on the recording medium. The toner includes toner base particles each including a binder resin, a release agent, and particles of an inorganic antibacterial antiviral agent, and satisfies conditions (1) to (3) below. The image forming method satisfies a relationship of 2.0X (micrometers)?Z?2.5X (micrometers). Conditions (1) the number average particle diameter X of the particles of the inorganic antibacterial antiviral agent is 1.5 (micrometers)?X?2.5 (micrometers), (2) 3X (micrometers)?Y?4X (micrometers), and (3) an amount of the inorganic antibacterial antiviral agent in the toner is 2.8% by mass or greater, but 5.0% by mass or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrostatic latent image bearer, an electrostatic latent image former, a developing device, a transfer device, and a fixing device. The electrostatic latent image former forms an electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image bearer. The developing device develops the electrostatic latent image with a developer to form a toner image. The transfer device transfers the toner image on a recording medium. The fixing device fixes the toner image on the recording medium. The developer contains an adhesive medium and foamable particles.

Abstract: Printed matter is provided which includes a recording medium, a colored layer overlying the recording medium, and an infrared-absorbing-pigment-containing layer overlying the recording medium and underlying the colored layer. The colored layer contains a colorant. The infrared-absorbing-pigment-containing layer contains an infrared absorbing pigment having an average diameter of from 120 to 250 nm in the infrared-absorbing-pigment-containing layer.

Abstract: A toner includes a release agent. The release agent includes a hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms. A content of the hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms, in the release agent, is 1000 ppm or more in terms of toluene, as determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms includes a hydrocarbon compound having a retention time of 7 minutes or more and less than 8 minutes determined by the gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A glittering toner includes: a flat metallic pigment having a surface coated with a resin; a polyester-styrene acrylic composite resin; and a polyester resin. When a solubility parameter of the polyester-styrene acrylic composite resin is represented by SP1 (cal/cm3)1/2 and a solubility parameter of the polyester resin is represented by SP2 (cal/cm3)1/2, the SP1 and the SP2 satisfy a relational expression (1): [SP2?SP1>0.3] and the SP1 satisfies a relational expression (2): [10<SP1].

Abstract: An image forming method is provided. The image forming method includes: forming an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic latent image bearer; developing the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image bearer with a toner to form a toner image; transferring the toner image from the electrostatic latent image bearer onto a continuous resin film; fixing the toner image on the continuous resin film with a heat roller or a heat belt. The toner contains a maleic-acid-modified polyolefin having a polypropylene block in a main chain.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner comprises a maleic-acid-modified polyolefin having a polypropylene block in a main chain and having a weight average molecular weight of 60,000 or more.

Abstract: Provided is mass spectrometry including applying a laser beam to a matrix dot disposed on a surface of a measurement sample. One of: a laser spot appearing in the measurement sample when the laser beam is applied to the matrix dot; and the matrix dot, is completely enclosed in the other.

Abstract: A method for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the method including applying a laser beam to a base including a matrix used for preparing the measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the matrix being disposed on a surface of the base, in a manner that the laser beam is applied to a surface of the base opposite to the surface including the matrix, to make the matrix fly from the base to be disposed at a predetermined position of an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry, wherein the base includes a laser energy absorbable material, and wherein laser energy of the laser beam has a wavelength of 400 nm or longer.

Abstract: A toner includes polyolefin and has an exothermic peak in a range from 40° C. to 70° C. in a cooling process of the polyolefin by the DSC after a first heating process of the polyolefin by DSC. The polyolefin does not have an exothermic peak in the cooling process of the polyolefin by the DSC after the first heating process of the polyolefin by the DSC, and has an exothermic peak in a range from 0° C. to 30° C. in a second heating process of the polyolefin by the DSC.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including toner particles, each toner particle includes: a base particle including a binder resin; and external additive particles, wherein the external additive particles include particles each having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 nm or greater, a volume average particle diameter of the particles each having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 nm or greater is 80 nm or greater but 140 nm or less, and a ratio (circumscribed circle area/particle area) of a circumscribed circle area of the particle having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 nm or greater to a particle area of the particle having an equivalent circle diameter of 10 nm or greater is 1.60 or greater but 2.60 or less.

Abstract: Provided is mass spectrometry including applying a laser beam to a matrix dot disposed on a surface of a measurement sample. One of: a laser spot appearing in the measurement sample when the laser beam is applied to the matrix dot; and the matrix dot, is completely enclosed in the other.

Abstract: A heat transfer medium is used for a heat transfer system configured to transfer a cold of a refrigerant circulating through a refrigeration cycle device to an electric device. The heat transfer medium includes water and a lower alcohol that is at least one of methanol or ethanol.

Abstract: A heat transfer medium is used for a heat transfer system including a refrigerant cycle device through which a refrigerant circulates and a heat transfer medium circuit having an electric device. The medium includes an anhydrous liquid that does not contain water and is made of a substance having a polarity less than water. The anhydrous liquid is cooled by heat exchange with the refrigerant and absorbs heat from the electric device while circulating through the heat transfer medium circuit. Accordingly, the low viscosity of the heat transfer medium at a low temperature can be secured. Further, by using an anhydrous liquid without water as the heat transfer medium, it is possible to suppress an increase in an electrical conductivity of the heat transfer medium over time.

Abstract: A heat transfer medium is used for a heat transfer system including a refrigerant cycle device through which a refrigerant circulates and a heat transfer medium circuit having a cooling target device. The heat transfer medium is cooled through heat exchange with the refrigerant and absorbs heat from the cooling target device while circulating through the heat transfer medium circuit. The heat transfer medium includes a carboxylate aqueous solution formed by dissolving carboxylate in water. Accordingly, by using the carboxylate aqueous solution as the heat transfer medium, a low viscosity at a low temperature can be secured. Further, since the carboxylate aqueous solution has a high heat exchange efficiency, the cooling capacity of the heat transfer medium can be improved.

Abstract: Printed matter is provided which includes a recording medium, a colored layer overlying the recording medium, and an infrared-absorbing-pigment-containing layer overlying the recording medium and underlying the colored layer. The colored layer contains a colorant. The infrared-absorbing-pigment-containing layer contains an infrared absorbing pigment having an average diameter of from 120 to 250 nm in the infrared-absorbing-pigment-containing layer.

Abstract: An image forming method is provided. The image forming method includes: forming an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic latent image bearer; developing the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image bearer with a toner to form a toner image; transferring the toner image from the electrostatic latent image bearer onto a continuous resin film; fixing the toner image on the continuous resin film with a heat roller or a heat belt. The toner contains a maleic-acid-modified polyolefin having a polypropylene block in a main chain.

Abstract: A method for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the method including applying a laser beam to a base including a matrix used for preparing the measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the matrix being disposed on a surface of the base, in a manner that the laser beam is applied to a surface of the base opposite to the surface including the matrix, to make the matrix fly from the base to be disposed at a predetermined position of an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry, wherein the base includes a laser energy absorbable material, and wherein laser energy of the laser beam has a wavelength of 400 nm or longer.

Abstract: A method for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the method including applying a laser beam to a base containing a matrix disposed on a surface of the base, in a manner that the laser beam is applied to a surface of the base opposite to the surface on which the matrix is disposed, to make the matrix fly from the base to be disposed at a predetermined position of an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry.