Abstract: The improved polyamide production method of the present invention is characterized by including a step of accurately regulating the molar balance between a diamine component and a dicarboxylic acid component to a desired balance in a batch-wise regulation tank, thereby preparing a slurry liquid substantially free from the amidation reaction. The slurry liquid thus prepared is fed to a batch-wise or continuous polymerization reactor, where the amidation reaction is proceeded to easily produce polyamide having a desired balance of the diamine component and the dicarboxylic acid component without causing a problem such as foaming, solidification, etc.

Abstract: The present invention is an enzyme-decomposable polymer compound having recyclable decomposition products. The polymeric compound is a glycopolymer of a saccharide having only glucopyranose rings and a second component. In addition, the glycopolymer may contain molecular chains having at least one type of repeating unit, which chains are crosslinked by a saccharide having only glucopyranose rings.

Abstract: In the process for producing polyamide of the present invention, a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid are melt-polycondensed in a batch-wise fist polymerizer in the absence of a solvent to produce a middle-stage polyamide. The diamine has a boiling point higher than a melting point of the middle-stage polyamide being produced under inner pressures of the first polymerizer. The middle-stage polyamide is fed into a continuous second polymerizer while controlling the change of relative viscosity within ±0.2, and further polycondensed there to produce the objective polyamide. With such a process, the change of polymerization degree of the middle-stage polyamide during the switching of the polymerization step from a batch-wise manner to a continuous manner is avoided, thereby preventing the variation in quality of the final product.

Abstract: A process for producing a refined magnesium material which is flame retardant by adding an alkaline earth metal. In the process, the dross in a thin film is formed on the surface of the molten magnesium material by contacting it with a dross-formable atmosphere gas while the molten magnesium material is subjected to a vertical vortex flow. The dross encloses the impurity floating on the surface of molten magnesium material through the vortex flow in a vertical direction. The resultant dross is accumulated at the corner of the crucible to prevent the re-diffusion of the impurity. The continuous application of the vortex flow against the molten magnesium material causes the thin film of dross to be continuously formed on the molten magnesium material and adhered thereto so as to enclose the impurity each time it is formed. Accordingly, the molten magnesium material is improved in cleanliness or refined.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a plurality of externally connecting electrodes arranged on a semiconductor chip includes on-chip electrodes, resin members formed separately from each other and provided corresponding to the plurality of externally connecting electrodes, and interconnections connecting the corresponding on-chip electrode and the corresponding externally connecting electrode. Such separately formed resin members for the externally connecting electrodes allow relaxation of thermal stress produced in the externally connecting electrodes.

Abstract: In the production of polyamide by the melt-polymerization of the present invention, the polymerization conditions are rapidly and accurately controlled by a near-infrared spectroscopy to enable the efficient production of a desired polyamide with a good stability in its quality.

Abstract: In the process of the present invention, a recovered polyamide is used as a part of the raw materials for producing polyamide. By carrying out the polycondensation under a condition such that the recovered polyamide is dissolved in the reaction system during the polycondensation, the properties of the polyamide being produced are not deteriorated as compared with those of polyamide which is produced without using the recovered polyamide. By changing the addition amount of the recovered polyamide, the crystallization speed of the resultant polyamide is controlled or increased as compared when produced without using the recovered polyamide.

Abstract: A stacked semiconductor device includes a plurality of stacked semiconductor chips, each of the semiconductor chips including a penetrating electrode which penetrates from a front surface to a back surface of the semiconductor chip, a first electrode formed on the front surface, a second electrode formed on the back surface and wiring patterns formed on the front and back surfaces for selectively connecting the first and second electrodes through the penetrating electrode, the first electrode of a lower semiconductor chip abutting the second electrode of an upper semiconductor chip with respect to adjacent two of the stacked semiconductor chips.

Abstract: Membrane materials for removing uremic toxins from a hydrophobic polymer such as polysulfone and two polyvinyl pyrrolidones, hydrophilic polymers of different molecular weights, that is 10-50 wt. % of a low molecular weight component (molecular weight<100,000) and 90-50 wt. % of a high molecular weight component (molecular weight≧100,000). The membranes are permselective useful in dialysis. The membrane material may have an overall mass transfer coefficient (K0), for a Strokes' radius of at least 30 Å (as determined by a diffusion test during dextran), of ≧0.0025 cm/min and a permeability to albumin of ≦4%.

Abstract: In the semiconductor device, externally connecting electrodes are placed on a semiconductor substrate. A rewiring pattern for connecting each on-chip electrode to corresponding external connecting electrode is routed, in the vicinity of the externally connecting electrode, in a direction where the effect of strain after mounting of the semiconductor substrate is small. Specifically, the rewiring pattern is routed such that the routing direction will not match the direction coupling the center of the semiconductor substrate to the externally connecting electrode along which large thermal stress is expected. Accordingly, strain that will occur at the rewiring pattern after mounting the semiconductor substrate to the mounting board is reduced. Adverse effects of the strain stress can be prevented without widening the externally connecting interconnection.

Abstract: The present invention is an enzyme-decomposable polymer compound having recyclable decomposition products. The polymeric compound is a glycopolymer of a saccharide having only glucopyranose rings and a second component. In addition, the glycopolymer may contain molecular chains having at least one type of repeating unit, which chains are crosslinked by a saccharide having only glucopyranose rings.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is manufactured in a method including the steps of: abrasing a surface of a wafer opposite that thereof having a solder ball serving as an external connection electrode; and reinforcing the abrased surface with resin serving as a back-surface reinforcement member. More specifically, the resin is resin of rubber type, silicone type, epoxy type, polyimide type or urethane type. Preferably, previously grinding the surface to be abrased is previously ground to produce the device in a reduced process time. The structure can advantageously prevent a solder connection from breaking as an LSI chip fails to bend in response when the entire package receives force and thus bends.

Abstract: A solid phase-polymerized polyamide produced by solid phase polymerization of a melt-polymerized polyamide which has a specific relative viscosity and end group balance and is obtained by polycondensing a diamine component mainly comprising m-xylylenediamine with a dicarboxylic acid component mainly comprising adipic acid in molten state. The solid phase-polymerized polyamide is a medium to high viscosity polymer having a specific relationship between the relative viscosity and the number average molecular weight. With such particular properties, the solid phase-polymerized polyamide contains gels and fish eyes in extremely small amounts, and is suitable as a material particularly for producing bottle, sheet, film and fiber.

Abstract: The improved polyamide production method of the present invention is characterized by including a step of accurately regulating the molar balance between a diamine component and a dicarboxylic acid component to a desired balance in a batch-wise regulation tank, thereby preparing a slurry liquid substantially free from the amidation reaction. The slurry liquid thus prepared is fed to a batch-wise or continuous polymerization reactor, where the amidation reaction is proceeded to easily produce polyamide having a desired balance of the diamine component and the dicarboxylic acid component without causing a problem such as foaming, solidification, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are a resin composition for inhibiting polymerization of a vinyl compound, which includes a resin and 0.1 to 30% by weight based on the resin, of a polymerization inhibitor for the vinyl compound; a resin molding for inhibiting polymerization of a vinyl compound, and a packing for inhibiting polymerization of a vinyl compound in a distillation tower, the resin molding and packing each including this resin composition. Also disclosed are methods for inhibiting polymerization of a vinyl compound, which include contacting the vinyl compound with the resin composition; these methods include processes of inhibiting polymerization of a vinyl compound in a distillation tower, by contacting the vinyl compound in the distillation tower with packing therein which includes this resin composition.

Abstract: A survival method for a foreign microorganism, which comprises the steps of disturbing the equilibrium state of an ecosystem in which plural kinds of microorganisms coexist, to temporarily bring the ecosystem into a non-equilibrium state, and then introducing a foreign microorganism into the ecosystem. There are three states of equilibrium involved of which comprise a first state wherein the ecosystem is in equilibrium, a second state wherein the ecosystem is converted to a state which is not in equilibrium, and a third state wherein the ecosystem is converted to a new state of equilibrium to provide for an ecological niche for survival of an introduced foreign microorganism in the ecosystem. The foreign microorganism is also used in a method for remedying an environment contaminated with a pollutant.

Abstract: An apparatus for degrading a pollutant to purify a medium containing a pollutant using a microorganism, which comprises a container in which a region containing a microorganism capable of degrading the pollutant is provided, wherein the container has the first opening for introducing the medium into the container and the second opening for draining the medium passed through the region containing the microorganism from the container, and in the container a region containing a functional material which releases a material required for degrading the pollutant by the microorganism is provided between the first opening and the region containing microorganism.

Abstract: To provide a reagent with excellent stability under storage, which can detect a subject compound to be measured with higher specificity and sensitibity.Complexes of a compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein R.sub.1 through R.sub.7 independently represent hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group, sulfonate group, amino group, styryl group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, cyano group, or aryl azo group; R.sub.1 through R.sub.7 may or may not be bonded to each other to form a substituted or an unsubstituted condensed ring; F.sub.1 represents a divalent organic residue; and X.sub.1.sup..crclbar. represents an anion) and the like with immunoglobulin and the like are formed.

Abstract: A method for driving an ionic conductive liquid comprises placing a pair of electrodes in the ionic conductive liquid, and exerting an electromagnetic force to the liquid by application of a voltage between the pair of the electrodes to drive the liquid. A method for mixing and agitating a medium comprises feeding the medium to an ionic conductive liquid, placing a pair of electrodes in the ionic conductive liquid, and exerting an electromagnetic force to the liquid by application of a voltage to drive the liquid and to mix and agitate the medium. An apparatus for delivering a liquid comprises a container for housing an ionic conductive liquid, at least one pair of electrodes in the container, and a power source for applying an voltage between the pair of electrodes, the apparatus delivering the liquid from the container by driving the liquid according to the method for driving.

Abstract: A labeled complex formed by combining a labeling agent with a biological substance, where the labeling agent is a trinucleus dye represented by the general formula (I)' or (II)':ring(Xa)-La-ring(Xb)-Lb-ring(Xc) (I)'?ring(Xa)-La-ring(Xb)-Lb-ring(Xc)!.sup..sym. Y.sup..crclbar.(II)'where the ring(Xa), ring(Xb), and ring(Xc), which mean rings having Xa, Xb, or Xc respectively, are independently a heterocyclic ring having one to three heteroatoms of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, or selenium, the heterocyclic ring being unsubstituted or substituted by any of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group; La and Lb are independently a methine chain composed of one to six substituted or unsubstituted methine linkage, and one of La and Lb may be omitted to link directly the heterocyclic rings; and Y.sup..crclbar. represents an anion.