Abstract: A secondary battery capable of improving the cycle characteristics and the swollenness characteristics is provided. The secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. The anode includes an anode active material layer having a plurality of fine pores on an anode current collector. The anode active material layer contains an anode active material and an anode binder. A change rate of a mercury intrusion into the plurality of fine pores measured by mercury penetration technique is distributed to show a peak in the pore diameter range from 30 nm to 10000 nm, both inclusive.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising a component ? and a component ?, and a domain comprising a component ?.

Abstract: A charge-transporting layer, which is a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, has a matrix-domain structure having a matrix containing constituent ? (a polyester resin having a predetermined repeating structural unit) and a charge-transporting substance, and a domain containing constituent ? (a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit having a predetermined siloxane moiety).

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member which is excellent in terms of both continuous reduction of contact stress with contact members and the like and potential stability during repeated use. A charge transport layer which serves as a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member has a matrix-domain structure including a matrix containing a component [?] (polycarbonate resin D having a specific repeating structural unit) and a charge-transporting substance and domains containing a component [?] (polycarbonate resin A having a repeating structural unit including a specific siloxane moiety).

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a support; and a photosensitive layer, which is provided on the support, in which: a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a terminal siloxane-containing polyester resin having a specific structure; and a lower layer provided in contact with the surface layer includes a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, or a polyvinyl acetal resin, having a specific structure.

Abstract: A charge transport layer, which is the surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, contains a charge transporting material, and a polyester resin A having a repeating structural unit including a specific siloxane moiety and at least one of a polyester resin C having a specific structure and a polycarbonate resin D having a specific structure as a binder resin. The content of the siloxane moiety in the polyester resin A is from 5% by mass or more to 30% by mass or less based on the total mass of the polyester resin A. The charge transport layer includes a domain made of the polyester resin A in a matrix made of the charge transporting material and at least one of the polyester resin C and the polycarbonate resin D.

Abstract: A battery capable of improving the cycle characteristics is provided. The battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. The anode has an anode active material layer that contains an anode active material containing silicon on an anode current collector, and intensity ratio I1/I2 between peak intensity I1 originated in (220) crystalline plane of silicon obtained by X-ray diffraction and peak intensity I2 originated in (111) crystalline plane of silicon obtained by X-ray diffraction is 0.05 or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer which contains a silicon-containing compound in an amount of less than 0.6% by mass based on the whole solid content in the surface layer, where the silicon-containing compound in the surface layer has a siloxane moiety in an amount of 0.01% by mass or more, based on the whole solid content in the surface layer, and its surface has specific depressions. Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising a component [?] and a component [?] (charge-transporting substances having specific structures), and a domain comprising a component [?](resin [?1], or resin [?1] and resin [?2]).

Abstract: A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member including an undercoat layer includes preparing a coating liquid for an undercoat layer containing zinc oxide particles, a polyol, a blocked isocyanate compound whose isocyanate group is blocked with a specific structure, and a solvent mixture, in which the solvent mixture contains a monohydric alcohol in an amount of 1 chemical equivalent or more based on the specific structure and 90% by mass or less based on the total mass of the solvent mixture, and a ketonic solvent and/or a cyclic ether solvent in an amount of 7% by mass or more based on the total mass of the solvent mixture.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising: at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate resin C and a polyester resin D; and at least one charge-transporting substance selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (1?), and a domain comprising a polycarbonate resin A.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer is an electron transporting layer and contains a metal salt of organic acid having at least one metal element selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a charge-transporting layer as the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a matrix-domain structure including: a matrix including a component ? (at least one resin of a polycarbonate resin C having a specific repeating structural unit and a polyester resin D having a specific repeating structural unit), and ? (charge-transporting substance having a specific structure); and a domain including a component ? (polycarbonate resin A having a repeating structural unit containing a specific siloxane moiety).

Abstract: A charge-transporting layer, which is a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, has a matrix-domain structure having a matrix containing constituent ? (a polycarbonate resin having a predetermined repeating structural unit) and a charge-transporting substance, and a domain containing constituent ? (a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit having a predetermined siloxane moiety).

Abstract: A charge-transporting layer, which is a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, has a matrix-domain structure having a matrix containing constituent ? (a polyester resin having a predetermined repeating structural unit) and a charge-transporting substance, and a domain containing constituent ? (a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit having a predetermined siloxane moiety).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising a component ? and a component ?, and a domain comprising a component ?.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising a component [?] and a component [?] (charge-transporting substances having specific structures), and a domain comprising a component [?](resin [?1], or resin [?1] and resin [?2]).

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a support; and a photosensitive layer, which is provided on the support, in which: a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a terminal siloxane-containing polyester resin having a specific structure; and a lower layer provided in contact with the surface layer includes a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, or a polyvinyl acetal resin, having a specific structure.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a charge-transporting layer as the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a matrix-domain structure including: a matrix including a component ? (at least one resin of a polycarbonate resin C having a specific repeating structural unit and a polyester resin D having a specific repeating structural unit), and ? (charge-transporting substance having a specific structure); and a domain including a component ? (polycarbonate resin A having a repeating structural unit containing a specific siloxane moiety).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising: at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate resin C and a polyester resin D; and at least one charge-transporting substance selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (1?), and a domain comprising a polycarbonate resin A.