Abstract: A method for manufacturing a light-emitting element includes preparing a wafer that includes a semiconductor structure body and a light-transmitting conductive film; forming a first mask on the light-transmitting conductive film; removing the light-transmitting conductive film exposed from the first mask to form an opening in the light-transmitting conductive film, the opening exposing the semiconductor structure body from under the light-transmitting conductive film; forming an n-side exposed part by removing the semiconductor structure body exposed from the first mask; removing the first mask; forming a second mask on the light-transmitting conductive film; removing the light-transmitting conductive film exposed from the second mask; forming an n-side electrode at the n-side exposed part; forming a third mask on the light-transmitting conductive film and on the semiconductor structure body; and removing the semiconductor structure body to form a groove dividing the semiconductor structure body into a plural

Abstract: Magnetite particles of the present invention have an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.50 .mu.m, each of the magnetite particles having a plurality of mountain-shaped protrusions with unsharpened crests on a surface of each magnetite particle, and the number of the mountain-shaped protrusions formed on the surface of each magnetite particle being in the range of 2 to 30 when viewed in projected plan; magnetic iron oxide particles for magnetic toner comprising not less than 60%, in particle number, of the said magnetite particles; and a magnetic toner comprising the said magnetic iron oxide particles and a binder resin. The magnetite particles of the present invention are free from the falling-off from toner particles. The toner particles of the present invention shows a good fluidity and produces visual images having a higher definition upon development of electrostatic latent images.

Abstract: Magnetic particles for a magnetic toner comprise:Fe.sup.2+ -containing iron oxide particles having an average particle size of 0.05 to 0.30 .mu.m,containing not less than 0.9 atm % and less than 1.7 atm % of silicon, calculated as Si, based on Fe,having a substantially cubic shape each ridge of which has a curved surface, andhaving a ratio .phi. represented by the following formula of more than 1.0 and less than 1.4:.phi.=l/wwherein l represents an average maximum length of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing particles and w represents an average minimum length of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing particles.

Abstract: Magnetite particles of the present invention have an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.50 .mu.m, each of the magnetite particles having a plurality of mountain-shaped protrusions with unsharpened crests on a surface of each magnetite particle, and the number of the mountain-shaped protrusions formed on the surface of each magnetite particle being in the range of 2 to 30 when viewed in projected plan; magnetic iron oxide particles for magnetic toner comprising not less than 60%, in number, of the said magnetite particles; and a magnetic toner comprising the said magnetic iron oxide particles and a binder resin. The magnetite particles of the present invention are free from the falling-off from toner particles. The toner particles of the present invention shows a good fluidity and produces visual images having a higher definition upon development of electrostatic latent images.

Abstract: A magnetic toner containing 100 parts by weight of magnetic Fe.sup.2+ -containing iron oxide particles having an average particle size of 0.05 to 0.30 .mu.m, containing not less than 0.9 atm % and less than 1.7 atm % of silicon, calculated as Si, based on Fe, having a substantially cubic shape each ridge of which has a curved surface, and having a ratio .phi. represented by the following formula of more than 1.0 and less than 1.4:.phi.=l/wwherein l represents an average maximum length of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing particles and w represents an average minimum length of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing particles, and 10 to 900 parts by weight of a toner resin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is iron oxide particles comprising:100 parts by weight of material iron oxide particles having a specific surface area represented by the following formula (1):6/(.rho..multidot.d.sub.3).times..phi..sub.S (1)wherein .rho. represents a specific gravity of said iron oxide particles, d.sub.3 represents an area-average particle diameter (0.1 .mu.m.ltoreq.d.sub.3 .ltoreq.1.0 .mu.m) and .phi..sub.S represents an area shape factor) (1.0.ltoreq..phi..sub.S .ltoreq.2.0); and0.25 to 10 parts by weight (calculated as an oxide) of the fine particles of the oxygen compound, the fine particles of the hydrate or mixed fine particles thereof of one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Zr and Ti, which are adhered to the surfaces of said iron oxide particles;the increment of said specific surface area of said iron oxide particles being 1 to 6 m.sup.2 /g, and the increment of said specific surface area with respect to the amount of said fine particles being not less than 0.35.

Abstract: Spherical magnetic iron oxide particles for a magnetic toner comprise:Fe.sup.2+ -containing iron oxide particles having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.30 .mu.m,containing 1.7 to 4.5 atm % of silicon, calculated as Si, based on Fe and not more than 0.35 wt % of sulfur based on the total weight of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing iron oxide particles, andhaving a sphericity .phi. (.phi.=l/w) of 0.8 to 1.0, and a coercive force (Hc) and the average particle diameter (d .mu.m) which satisfy the following relationship:147-322.7.times.d.ltoreq.Hc.sub.(10 kOe) .ltoreq.207-322.7.times.d.

Abstract: The disclosure describes coated granular magnetite particles comprising:granular magnetite particle as a core, andM.sub.x Fe.sub.2+y O.sub.z as a surface layer, wherein M is Zn or Co, 0.4.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, x+y=1, and 4.0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.4.3,the amount of M in said M.sub.x Fe.sub.2+y O.sub.z being 0.5 to 6 mol % based on the total Fe content in said granular magnetite particle as a core; anda process for producing the coated granular magnetite particles.

Abstract: Magnetic toner particles composed of magnetite core particles containing 0.10 to 1.00 wt % silicon and a hydrous coprecipiate of silica and alumina deposited or adhered on the surfaces of the magnetite core particles. The magnetic toner particles have an area-average diameter of 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m.

Abstract: Granular magnetite particles useful as coloring pigments assuming a black color and containing elemental aluminum, 3 to 6 wt %, in the magnetite crystal lattice. The magnetite has a spinel structure with a lattice constant of 8.340 to 8.375 .ANG..

Abstract: Disclosed herein is iron oxide particles comprising:100 parts by weight of material iron oxide particles having a specific surface area represented by the following formula (1):6/(.rho..multidot.d.sub.3).times..phi..sub.s ( 1)wherein .rho. represents a specific gravity of said iron oxide particles, d.sub.3 represents an area-average particle diameter (0.1 .mu.m.ltoreq.d.sub.3 .ltoreq.1.0 .mu.m) and .phi..sub.s represents an area shape factor) (1.0.ltoreq..phi..sub.s .ltoreq.2.0); and0.25 to 10 parts by weight (calculated as an oxide) of the fine particles of the oxygen compound, the fine particles of the hydrate or mixed fine particles thereof of one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Zr and Ti, which are adhered to the surfaces of said iron oxide particles;the increment of said specific surface area of said iron oxide particles being 1 to 6 m.sup.2 /g, and the increment of said specific surface area with respect to the amount of said fine particles being not less than 0.35.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is iron oxide particles comprising:100 parts by weight of material iron oxide particles having a specific surface area represented by the following formula (1):6/(.rho..multidot.d.sub.3).times..phi..sub.s (1)wherein .rho. represents a specific gravity of said iron oxide particles, d.sub.3 represents an area-average particle diameter (0.1 .mu.m.ltoreq.d.sub.3 .ltoreq.1.0 .mu.m) and .phi..sub.s represents an area shape factor) (1.0.ltoreq..phi..sub.s .ltoreq.2.0); and0.25 to 10 parts by weight (calculated as an oxide) of the fine particles of the oxygen compound, the fine particles of the hydrate or mixed fine particles thereof of one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Zr and Ti, which are adhered to the surfaces of said iron oxide particles;the increment of said specific surface area of said iron oxide particles being 1 to 6 m.sup.2 /g, and the increment of said specific surface area with respect to the amount of said fine particles being not less than 0.35.

Abstract: A specific magnetic particle powder is described, which is included in magnetic toners used for magnetic image character recognition (MICR). The magnetic particle powder is a magnetite particle and distinguished by the facts that its residual magnetization is of 12 to 20 emu/g, its Fe.sup.2+ content is of 18.5 to 22.5% by weight, its surface is deposited with Si or Al oxide or mixture thereof and its specific surface area is of 3.5 to 9.5 m.sup.2 /g. The magnetic particle powder used as one component of the magnetic toner enables the formation of fine accurate images and the exact detection of the image.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are spinel-type spherical black iron oxide particles containing 1.5 to 17.0 wt % of Zn, and having a specific surface area of 5 to 15 m.sup.2 /g, a magnetization of not less than 70 emu/g in an external magnetic field of 1 kOe and a coercive force (Hc) of not more than the value obtained from the following expression:Hc(Oe)=15+3.times.(specific surface area of the particles).and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are magnetic particles for a magnetic toner containing a low-molecular binder resin having a weight-average molecular weight of not more than 150,000, said magnetic particles comprising particulate magnetic particles containing iron as the main ingredient and having an oil absorption of not more than 24 ml/100 g and a degree of compaction of not less than 56, and a magnetic toner containing the said magnetic particles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is magnetic particles containing iron as the main component which have an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 3.0 .mu.m and a liquid absorption of not more than 18 m.infin..

Abstract: Disclosed herein are magnetic particles used for an electrostatic latent image developer comprising composite particles containing from more than 80% by weight to not more than 99% by weight of fine ferromagnetic particles and a cured phenol resin, and having a number-average particle diameter of from not less than 1 .mu.m to less than 10 .mu.m and an apparent density of not greater than 1.5 g/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are composite carrier particles for electrophotography comprising 80 to 99% by weight of ferromagnetic fine particles and a phenol resin, and having a number-average particle diameter of 10 to 1,000 .mu.m, a bulk density of not more than 2.0 g /cm.sup.3, and a curved surface configuration, and a process for producing the same.