Abstract: [Problem] To provide a headphone device that is equipped with an ear pad to be inserted into an ear, is electrically connected to a player device via a cable and outputs an audio signal which is output from the player device, with which it is possible to improve in-ear wearability and prevent a pain from being caused inside the ear. [Solution] The headphone device is equipped with: a driver unit that is fixed to a housing and has a diaphragm for emitting a sound of an audio signal; and a nozzle section that is fixed to the housing at one end, holds an ear pad at the other end, has a hollow interior, and is formed so as to slope from the part where the nozzle is fixed to the housing toward the tip of the nozzle section at a predetermined angle with respect to the housing.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a headphone device that is equipped with an ear pad to be inserted into an ear, is electrically connected to a player device via a cable and outputs an audio signal which is output from the player device, with which it is possible to improve in-ear wearability and prevent a pain from being caused inside the ear. [Solution] The headphone device is equipped with: a driver unit that is fixed to a housing and has a diaphragm for emitting a sound of an audio signal; and a nozzle section that is fixed to the housing at one end, holds an ear pad at the other end, has a hollow interior, and is formed so as to slope from the part where the nozzle is fixed to the housing toward the tip of the nozzle section at a predetermined angle with respect to the housing.

Abstract: When being blended in a toner, a barium titanate external additive for toner enhances, in particular, the toner fluidity, electrical properties, and other relevant performance; concurrently achieves high image density and reduced background fog in a printer using the toner; and further reduces image defects, such as void, fading, and the like. An industrially advantageous producing method of the barium titanate external additive for toner is also provided. The external additive for toner of the present invention includes spherical barium titanate having a specific gravity of 5.6 g/ml or less.

Abstract: When being blended particularly in a color toner, a barium titanate external additive for toner enhances the toner fluidity, electrical properties, and other relevant performance; concurrently achieves high image density and reduced background fog in a color printer using the toner; and further retains high image quality even under a high-temperature high-humidity environment and a low-temperature low-humidity environment. An industrially advantageous producing method of the barium titanate external additive for toner is also provided. The external additive for toner of the present invention includes spherical barium titanate having undergone coating treatment with a hydrophobicizing agent.

Abstract: When being blended particularly in a color toner, a barium titanate external additive for toner enhances the toner fluidity, electrical properties, and other relevant performance; concurrently achieves high image density and reduced background fog in a color printer using the toner; and further retains high image quality even under a high-temperature high-humidity environment and a low-temperature low-humidity environment. An industrially advantageous producing method of the barium titanate external additive for toner is also provided. The external additive for toner of the present invention includes spherical barium titanate having undergone coating treatment with a hydrophobicizing agent.

Abstract: When being blended in a toner, a barium titanate external additive for toner enhances, in particular, the toner fluidity, electrical properties, and other relevant performance; concurrently achieves high image density and reduced background fog in a printer using the toner; and further reduces image defects, such as void, fading, and the like. An industrially advantageous producing method of the barium titanate external additive for toner is also provided. The external additive for toner of the present invention includes spherical barium titanate having a specific gravity of 5.6 g/ml or less.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is comprising a core which is consisting of tubes provided with medium passages and fins fitted to the tubes, and tanks to which ends of the tubes are connected, wherein the tube (2) is formed to have a flat cross-sectional shape by joining ends of one or two plates, the ends of the plates have a contact portion which is formed by bending at least one of the plate ends a plurality of times and overlaying the one end on the other end, and the contact portion is provided with a joint portion (2c) which is formed by placing a part (2e) of the contact portion on the top or bottom flat surface and mutually engaging the both ends of the plate.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (1) is formed by stacking tubes (2) formed by rolling a flat tube material (10) with a fin (3) interposed between the adjacent tubes, joining tanks (4), (5) and the tubes, (2) to appropriately communicate the tubes (2) and the tanks (4), (5), wherein the tube (2) is provided with a partition (22) for dividing a passage (6) of the tube (2) into passages (6),(6) and the partition (22) has an extra section for absorbing a deformation produced when a partition part (30) and the tube are formed.

Abstract: For use in combination with a loudspeaker and at least one microphone, for example, by attendants in an auditorium, an echo cancelling circuit comprises a self-adaptive echo canceller responsive to a lower frequency component, such as below 1.7 kHz, of a receive-in signal for self-adatively cancelling a corresponding component of a reverberation signal included in a send-in signal during each interval during which an audio signal reaches the circuit from a remote party. For a higher frequency reverberation signal component, an echo suppressor or a voice switch may reduce a weaker one of two signals which are either the higher frequency send-in and receive-in signal components or a combination of a reverberation component cancelled signal with the higher frequency send-in signal component and the whole receive-in signal. Alternatively, a less expensive echo canceller non-adaptively cancels a part of the reverberation signal in response to the receive-in signal.

Abstract: Adaptive bit allocation optimizes the encoded transmission of speech signal parameters. Allocation is controlled by a voiced/unvoiced decision signal derived from occurrence rate distributions of Partial Correlation Coefficient K1.

Abstract: An adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) system includes a predictor which predicts a sample value based on past prediction errors and coefficients which are adaptively corrected to lessen the difference, i.e. the prediction error, between the predicted values and the actual values. The predictor is duplicated in the receiver, has no feedback loop and thus instability due to transmission errors is eliminated. The system can also include a second predictor whose output is combined with that of the first predictor to obtain the predicted value. The second predictor output is based on past sums of the prediction error and the predicted value and coefficients which are adaptively corrected. The second predictor is in a feedback loop but instability is prevented by choosing the coefficients used.

Abstract: An adaptive speech signal detector for use in a 4-wire telephone channel performs an adaptive threshold value setting operation depending on the channel noise level on a transmitter-side channel to detect a speech signal present at the transmitter. The adaptive operation of the speed signal detector is inhibited, however, if the signal level at the related receiver-side channel becomes higher than a preset value. This permits the use of the adaptive speech signal detector with DSI (digital speech interpolation) systems without malfunction due to the operation of an echo suppressor.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for cancelling a deviation in an input signal due to drift, line or background noise, changes in circuit component characteristics due to aging, and the like wherein the input signal, typically a digitized representation of an analog signal, is altered by a presumed offset magnitude; the polarity of the difference is monitored and a negative or positive count of clock pulses is accumulated dependent upon the aforesaid polarity. When a determined positive (or negative) count is reached the presumed offset is adjusted (up or down) by a predetermined increment and the count is begun anew.As an alternative technique and embodiment the initiation of the count may be restrained as long as the magnitude of the digitized input signal exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A maximum value tracing circuit employed in echo suppressors and the like for selecting the peak values of digitized voice signals. The digitized value of a signal previously stored in a register is continuously compared with the present digitized value. The larger value of the compared signals is stored in the register after application of each clear signal to the register.First and second maximum value tracing circuits of the type described may be employed in combination with a comparator-selector circuit for comparing the outputs of the first and second maximum value extraction circuits to produce a comparison output signal representative of the larger of the two compared outputs derived from the first and second maximum value extraction circuits, which output signal is utiized for providing reliable, high speed echo suppression.

Abstract: A cervical dilator is formed of a mushroom shaped elastic sack having inelastic members embedded therein configured to maintain the general shape and limit the size of the sack during expansion under internal pressure.The dilator is inserted with the head portion folded and fluid is introduced to unfold it and expand it.

Abstract: An echo suppressor employed in systems interconnecting a two-wire circuit with a four-wire circuit for substantially eliminating "talker's echo" and for selectively attenuating the calling party's voice signal when the called party at the two-wire line begins speaking. The signal levels of signals on both paths of the four-wire circuit are measured to extract the maximum values of the signals for succeeding time intervals. The extracted value of the outgoing path signal is divided by the extracted value of the incoming path signal to generate an attenuation factor value. This value is multiplied by the value of the voice signal in the incoming path to generate an estimated leakage level signal. When this level is greater than the signal level in the output path (i.e. when there is no outgoing voice signal) the outgoing path is disconnected to prevent a talker's echo signal from being transmitted thereby.

Abstract: An echo controller comprises a parallel circuit of an echo suppressor and a self-adaptive echo canceller near an echo path of a long-distance telephone network. The echo controller further comprises a mode switch responsive to levels of a received signal, an unprocessed signal, and an output signal of the echo canceller and operable during absence of double talk for suspending operation of the echo canceller and putting instead the echo suppressor into operation only when characteristics of the echo path and operation of the echo canceller are objectionable.

Abstract: A speech detector which rapidly detects the presence of speech signals in telephone channel broadband noise is useful in TASI type systems. The incoming analog speech signal is sampled and binary-coded, then fed simultaneously to two different detectors: (1) A large-amplitude threshold detector (which detects high-energy vowel and plosive sounds): (2) a high-frequency threshold detector (which detects high-frequency fricative sounds above a 2 Khz threshold, assuming inherent noise in a 4 Khz telephone channel is mostly flat/broadband and 8 Khz sampling noise is filtered out).