Abstract: A shielded artificial respiratory device that functions as a one-way ventilator of exhalation and which can be easily folded into a small package that can be stored in a wallet or purse. The device has soft sheets thermally bonded and placed around a patient's mouth and valve on the underside of the sheets for inserting in the patient's mouth. The valve has an expandable internal pouch and a spaced exterior cover with a ventilator provided therebetween.

Abstract: A rail axial-force measuring method and an axial-force measurable rail which eliminate the effects of residual stresses existing in a rail and thus enables an axial force acting on the rail to be measured quickly and accurately are provided. The rail is provided with a stress sensing portion which is magnetized by a magnetizing head, and changes in the magnetization of the stress sensing portion are detected by a detection head as a voltage signal from which an axial force acting on the rail is measured. Preferably, the voltage signal is a Barkhausen noise signal and, also preferably, the stress sensing portion is constructed from a portion formed by first locally heating the rail into a .gamma.-phase region, and then causing cementite to precipitate by heat treatment at a temperature lower than the .gamma.-phase region. The axial-force measurable rail including the above-described stress sensing portion is also provided.

Abstract: A stress sensor, which, in use, is attached to a measuring object and generates Barkhausen signals, for measuring a stress applied to the object, wherein the Barkhausen signals have a reduced temperature dependence. The stress sensor is characterized by comprising a steel material having such a texture that a granular carbide comprising: element M wherein M represents at least one element selected from Fe, Al, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Si, Sn, Ti, U, V, W, and Zr; and C has been precipitated in the interior of ferrite grains. Preferably, the average grain diameter of the granular carbide precipitated in the texture is 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m, and the standard deviation in grain size distribution of the granular carbide is 0.14 to 2.0 .mu.m. In another preferred embodiment, the average grain diameter of the granular carbide is more than 1.0 .mu.m and 3.0 .mu.m or less. Still preferably, the carbide is an M.sub.3 C compound.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing high-strength bainitic steel rails with an excellent rolling-contact fatigue resistance comprising the steps of hot rolling steel containing 0.15% to 0.45% carbon, 0.15% to 2.00% silicon, 0.30% to 2.00% manganese, 0.50% to 3.00% chromium, and at least one element selected from a group of molybdenum, nickel, copper, niobium, vanadium, titanium and boron, subjecting the hot-rolled rail to an accelerated cooling from the austenite region to a temperature between 500.degree. to 300.degree. C., at which the accelerated cooling is stopped, at a rate of 1.degree. to 10.degree. C. per second, and then further cooling the rail to a lower temperature by natural or controlled cooling. The obtained rail exhibits a hardness of Hv 300 to 400 in the center of the rail head surface of the head and not lower than Hv 350 in the gage corner, and the hardness of the gage corner is higher than that of the center of the rail head surface by Hv 30 or more.

Abstract: Each bonded electrode of the layered-type manganese dry battery has a conductive carbon coat the surface of which contacts the adjacent positive electrode composition and is provided with protrusions of 0.05 to 0.15 mm in height, which serves to prevent the electrodes from sticking to each other even when the electrodes are punched into a prescribed shape by a press mounted with a chute and transported by pressure with the top and bottom of the electrodes facing the respectively specified sides. The protrusions formed on the surface of the coat stick into the positive electrode composition, which serves to reduce the contact resistance with the positive electrode composition, facilitating the easy maintenance of the low contact resistance. Furthermore, since the contact area with the positive electrode composition facing the coat is increased, the current collecting performance is also improved.

Abstract: A dry cell comprising an anode made of zinc and cathode mixture which includes manganese dioxide acting as active agent and conductor such that acetylene black having a specific surface area of 100 to 150 m.sup.2 /g measured by a BET type nitrogen gas adsorption method is used as the conductor by setting a mixing ratio in weight of the manganese dioxide to the acetylene black at 7/1 to 12/1.

Abstract: A dry cell which is so arranged that, with a bottom plate being disposed at the lower portion of a raw cell sealed at its opening by a sealing member, an insulative seal packing is applied onto the peripheral portion of the bottom plate, while the raw cell and the peripheral portion of the bottom plate are surrounded by a metal jacket welded by laser at its butted opposite ends. At the peripheral portion of the bottom plate, a gas discharge mechanism is formed which is arranged to be normally closed by the seal packing, and to be released from the closing by the seal packing due to deformation of the bottom plate upon increase of internal pressure of the dry cell for discharging the gas within the dry cell outside, and thus, a safe dry cell free from a danger of rupture maybe provided.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite metal material such as clad bloom by continuous casting comprises the steps of supplying molten metals of different compositions by using two immersion nozzles into the strand pool at different positions and forming a static magnetic field zone on the boundary between the two types of metals to prevent mixing of the metals of different composition. The method enables production of a composite material exhibiting a sharp boundary between the two types of metals used and enables the thickness of the respective metal layers to be easily controlled by adjusting the location of application of the static magnetic field or the withdrawal speed of the strand of cast metal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing high strength rail having excellent weldability comprises subjecting a steel rail of specific composition to specific heat treatment conditions at the surface layer portion of the head thereof, to impart high strength to the rail and to assure that the welded portion as well as the welded heat affected zone are free from deterioration caused by the welding process. The heat treatment conditions include a cooling rate which is substantially equivalent to that in a conventional welding process so as to impart high tensile strength to the treated portion of the rail.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing high strength rail having excellent weldability comprises subjecting a steel rail of specific composition to specific heat treatment conditions at the surface layer portion of the head thereof, to impart high strength to the rail and to assure that the welded portion as well as the welded heat affected zone are free from deterioration caused by the welding process. The heat treatment conditions include a cooling rate which is substantially equivalent to that in a conventional welding process so as to impart high tensile strength to the treated portion of the rail.