Abstract: A magnetic head for reproducing a signal recorded on a recording medium, includes a substrate, a magnetic head core provided on the substrate, having a magnetic gap, and a magnetoresistance device provided on the magnetic head core. The magnetic head core is provided in such a manner that a thickness direction of the magnetic head core around the magnetic gap is substantially the same as a track width direction of the recording medium.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes: a piezoelectric film made of PZT; a pair of electrodes (a lower electrode and an upper electrode) arranged with the piezoelectric film being interposed therebetween; and a base film made of PLT having a thickness of about 50 nm to 200 nm and provided between the piezoelectric film and the lower electrode. The piezoelectric element, as a whole, is provided on a substrate, which may be a stainless steel substrate (polycrystalline), a heat-resistant glass substrate (amorphous), a silicon substrate (single crystal), etc. A piezoelectric element having a good piezoelectric characteristic can be provided on a substrate other than a single crystal substrate.

Abstract: An actuator of the present invention includes a shape maintaining sheet, a piezoelectric member provided integrally on the shape maintaining sheet, and a pair of electrodes formed to sandwich the piezoelectric member, wherein the shape maintaining sheet is formed of synthetic resin. Since the piezoelectric member is thin, the stiffness is increased by the shape maintaining sheet made of synthetic resin, and thus resonance frequency can be adjusted.

Abstract: An information recording and reproducing device includes an inorganic recording medium having at least one material selected from the group consisting of a phase change material, a shape changing material and a magnetic material. A conductive probe, which is proximate to or contacting a recording surface of the recording medium, is movable relative to the recording medium. Information is recorded by heating the recording medium in the area where the conductive probe is proximate or contacting to change a physical state therein. The area of the recording medium where the conductive probe is proximate or contacting is heated by applying voltage between the conductive probe and the recording medium.

Abstract: Microlenses 3a and 3b are formed on a first surface of a transparent substrate, and an output efficiency control device 2 which modulates a light amount of incident light is provided on a second surface opposing the first surface. Incident light 4 is made to be incident obliquely to an optical axis of the microlens 3a, to be focused on the output efficiency control device 2. The output efficiency control device 2 modulates a light amount of incident light and outputs the light as outgoing light 5 through the microlens 3b. Because of such a structure, the output efficiency control device 2 can be decreased in size, compared with a diameter of a beam and an aperture of a microlens.

Abstract: The diffractive optical modulator of the invention includes: a plate having a portion functioning as a first electrode; a spacer layer formed on the plate; and a grating consisting of a plurality of beams having a portion functioning as a second electrode, both ends of the beams being supported on the spacer layer. In the diffractive optical modulator, by adjusting a voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, a distance between the beams and the plate is varied, thereby controlling the diffraction efficiency. An insulating layer is further provided between the plate and the plurality of beams.

Abstract: The diffractive optical modulator of the invention includes: a plate having a portion functioning as a first electrode; a spacer layer formed on the plate; and a grating consisting of a plurality of beams having a portion functioning as a second electrode, both ends of the beams being supported on the spacer layer. In the diffractive optical modulator, by adjusting a voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, a distance between the beams and the plate is varied, thereby controlling the diffraction efficiency. An insulating layer is further provided between the plate and the plurality of beams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic head for recording and reproducing signals from a magnetic recording medium, wherein the magnetic head comprises a stylus having a pair of electrodes, a conductive multilayer film having a staircase-shaped section, and a magnetic body formed on the multilayer film. The magnetic head further comprises an excitation conductive thin film disposed so as to surround the stylus, a magnetic yoke forming a closed magnetic loop together with a magnetic recording medium and the stylus, and an anti-abrasive film formed on the magnetic yoke so as to oppose the recording medium. During recording, a signal current is supplied to the excitation conductive thin film to generate a recording magnetic field from the end of the stylus. During reproduction, a high-frequency voltage is applied across the electrodes, and a magnetic impedance change of the stylus, caused by a signal magnetism on the recording medium, is detected.

Abstract: An electro-optic element, such as a liquid crystal, exhibits optical rotatory dispersion and includes a pair of phase difference films which have generally orthogonal stretching axes and are disposed between a pair of polarizing plates. The stretching axis directions of the phase difference films and the transmission axis directions of the polarizing plates are arranged relative to the molecular orientation of the surfaces of the liquid crystal cell to achieve an increase in the angle of visibility, an increase in contrast and improvements in color tones.

Abstract: Three point contact legs are provided on the bottom of a housing of a probe head for sliding on a surface of a sample to be observed or on a sliding surface provided in the vicinity of the sample. The housing is held by a thin plate spring which is provided in a manner to be parallel with the surface of the sample. The sample or probe head is driven by an X-Y drive unit for positioning the relative position of the probe to the sample.

Abstract: A thermal transfer recording film is provided which has a thermal transfer recording layer on one surface of a film base, the unique feature residing in that a back-coat layer containing silicone as fixed on a binder resin and a fluorine-containing surfactant is provided on the surface of the film which comes into sliding contact with a thermal head. This product is free of sticking, excels in slidability on a thermal head, and causes little silicone transfer from the back-coat.

Abstract: A fabrication method provides fine structures which have few carrier trap centers and light absorption levels and find applications in quantum wires and quantum boxes having arbitrary configurations at least within a two-dimensional plane. The fabrication method comprises the steps of having a sharp tip held in close proximity to the surface of a substrate 1 and having a metal constituting the tip evaporated from the top. Alternatively, a metal contained in ambient vapor or a solution decomposed by a tunnel current or the like is provided. The metal is deposited locally on the substrate surface. A finely structured crystal is grown on the locally deposited region by a vapor phase-liquid phase-solid phase reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positioning device comprising an X-Y scanning mechanism capable of scanning and driving in planar directions and a Z-scanning mechanism capable of scanning and driving in a direction perpendicular to the planar directions. A sample table is affixed to the moving part of the Z-scanning mechanism, and the housing of the probe head is fixed to the casing of the positioning device through a plate spring. The housing abuts against a plane formed in the moving part of the X-Y scanning mechanism through three point contact legs such that the resonance frequency of the entire device can be set high, thereby realizing a high anti-vibration effect and stable probe scanning. The housing of the probe head abuts against said plane formed in the moving part of the X-Y scanning mechanism through three ball bearings composing the three point contact legs, and is mounted on the fixed table through a thin plate spring.

Abstract: A method for forming an image on a dye. The dye absorbing visible light of a first wavelength, but not visible light of a second wavelength. The dye is decolorized when visible light of the first and second wavelength irradiate the dye simultaneously. Decolorization will be effected only if visible light of the first wavelength and visible light of the second wavelength are simultaneously applied. The method utilizes lasers as the source of the visible light of the first and second wavelengths; thus insuring formation of high resolution images.

Abstract: Molecules of the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal display panel are oriented along the rubbing directions of the upper and lower substrates, and the orientation thereof tends to be twisted in one direction. The reverse domain wherein the orientation is twisted in the reverse direction occurs at portions of the liquid crystal. Though the reverse domain may be prevented form occurring by rubbing the substrates more strongly, it is impossible to sufficiently rub the surfaces of the respective substrates since the substrates are provided with picture element electrodes thereon so that the surfaces are uneven. The liquid crystal display panel is heated to a transformation point so as to change into an isotropic phase after filling the liquid crystal, then is cooled rapidly. This enables a liquid crystal display panel to be obtained in which the twisted directions of the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules are uniform.

Abstract: A projection type liquid crystal display unit has dichroic mirrors capable of dividing a light from a light source into R, G and B components which are guided along respective light paths. Each of at least two of these light paths in provided with an optical system which includes a pair of polarizing plates, a twist nematic liquid crystal and at least one phase plate. The angles of the retardation phase axis of the phase plate and light-interruption axes of the polarizing plates or, alternatively, the retardation of the phase plate is determined so as to improve the light-interruption of the liquid crystal panel in light-interruption mode, thereby enhancing contrast of the display image.

Abstract: First, a steel wire is continuously dipped in molten copper or molten copper alloy so that copper or copper alloy builds up and solidifies on the peripheral surface of said steel wire, thereby obtaining an initial copper-clad steel wire. Then, the initial copper-clad steel wire is subjected to a first cycle of hot rolling by a caliber roll. The hot-rolled wire is dipped in molten copper or molten copper-alloy at least once so that copper or copper alloy builds up and solidifies thereon, thereby obtaining a final copper-clad steel wire.The final copper-clad steel wire is hot-rolled at a temperature of 750.degree. to 850.degree. C. and with a rolling ratio of 10 to 40%. Then, the hot-rolled wire is cold-rolled with a reduction of area of 20% or more.Thus, 75 to 95% of the cross sectional area of the obtained copper-clad steel trolley wire is occupied by the copper or copper alloy covering layer so that the electric conductivity of the trolley wire is as high as 80% IACS or more.

Abstract: A projection type liquid crystal display device for transmitting three color light beams of RGB through three TN type liquid crystal panels and projecting the transmitted light beams optimizes the RGB transmission characteristics by changing the crossing angles of the polarization axes of a polarizer and an analyzer with respect to the orientation directions of the respective RGB TN cells in specified directions, and also a projection type liquid crystal display device for transmitting a light beam through a TN type liquid crystal panel and projecting the transmitted light beam effects temperature-compensation of the transmission characteristics of the liquid crystal panels by controlling the crossing angle of the polarization axes of a polarizer and an analyzer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a light sensitive material and a lithographic printing plate made therefrom by silver complex diffusion transfer process ree from peeling of layer during printing which comprises a polyester film support made hydrophilic by coating with an organic copolymer as a support and at least one undercoat layer, a silver halide emulsion layer and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei layer provided on said support in succession, said undercoat layer contiguous to the support containing a polyfunctional epoxy compound having at least three epoxy groups in molecule.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium has a non-magnetic substrate, a magnetic layer formed on the surface of the substrate containing a ferromagnetic material, and a protective film formed on the magnetic layer. The protective film is constituted by a singular layer of continuous or dispersed molecular structures in which carbon and an element constituting the magnetic layer are bonded directly or indirectly through oxygen and at least one fluorine is bonded to the carbon. This magnetic recording medium can be produced by a method comprising preparing a substrate of a non-magnetic material, forming a magnetic layer of a ferromagnetic material on the surface of the substrate, and forming, by a plasma CVD method, a protective film of a fluorine-containing molecular body having a thickness not greater than a value equivalent to 5 .ANG. on the surface of the magnetic layer.