Abstract: An image processing method includes the steps of: generating, based on data of a plurality of images acquired by performing imaging using a same image sensor, a weight coefficient corresponding to each image so that a weight coefficient corresponding to an image of which a brightness change is smooth is relatively large; integrating the data of the plurality of images using the weight coefficients to generate data of an integrated image; applying smoothing to the data of the integrated image to generate data of a smoothed integrated image; and generating, based on the data of the integrated image and the data of the smoothed integrated image, data of estimated fixed-pattern noise which is an estimated value of fixed-pattern noise attributable to the image sensor.

Abstract: An image processing method, includes: an input step in which a computer acquires data of a plurality of input images acquired by imaging performed using a same image sensor; and an optimization process step in which a computer determines an optimal solution of brightness change with respect to each input image by performing iterative calculations using an iterative method to improve overall image quality of the plurality of input images. In the optimization process step, an optimal solution of brightness change for each pixel of each input image is determined under a condition that common brightness change is performed with respect to pixels at a same position in respective input images.

Abstract: A method for producing a dipeptide that has a protected N-terminal and is represented by formula (1) or a salt of the dipeptide, said method comprising condensing an ?-monosubstituted amino acid that has a protected N-terminal and is represented by formula (2) or glycine or a salt thereof with a disubstituted amino acid that is represented by formula (3) or a salt thereof in the presence of a condensing agent [in each of the formulae, substituents are as defined in the description or the like].

Abstract: An image generating apparatus includes: an input unit that inputs data on a defocused image group; a storage unit that stores data on a plurality of filters generated based on a three-dimensional blur function; and a computing unit that generates a new image by applying the filter to the defocused image group. When a first element of a first filter out of the plurality of filters is symmetrical or anti-symmetrical with a second element included in the first filter or a second filter, which is different from the first filter, the storage unit does not store the data on the first element, and the computing unit generates the data on the first element of the first filter based on data on the second element which is stored in the storage unit when the first filter is used.

Abstract: A method for producing a dipeptide that has a protected N-terminal and is represented by formula (1) or a salt of the dipeptide, said method comprising condensing an ?-monosubstituted amino acid that has a protected N-terminal and is represented by formula (2) or glycine or a salt thereof with a disubstituted amino acid that is represented by formula (3) or a salt thereof in the presence of a condensing agent [in each of the formulae, substituents are as defined in the description or the like].

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process capable of producing a self-assembling peptide derivative that is useful in the fields of regenerative medicine and surgery in large quantities and in an economical and efficient manner. In particular, provided is a production process employing a combination of (i) a step of convergently constructing a sequence with use of a common repeating unit consisting of a specific amino acid sequence and (ii) a step of first isolating the peptide derivative as a disulfuric acid salt, a tetramethanesulfonic acid salt or a tetra(trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salt), and then subjecting the peptide salt to a salt exchange reaction to yield a tetrahydrochloric acid salt.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing an optically active compound represented by Formula (3): (wherein R1 is an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and any hydrogen atom of R1 may be replaced with a substituent; R2 is a hydrogen atom or a group which is not reactive in the reaction below; and * represents a chiral center) or a salt thereof by subjecting a compound represented by Formula (1): (wherein R1 and R2 have the same meanings as defined in Formula (3)) to a ring closure reaction in the presence of a chiral ligand having 1 or more coordination sites, a Lewis acid represented by Formula (2): MmZn??(2) (wherein M is a metal ion, Z is a counter anion of M, and m and n are integers of 1 to 4), and a sulfonyl halide having an optionally substituted alkyl or phenyl group.

Abstract: A plurality of grind-stone-mounts 12 each having a grind stone 15 on its outer side are attached to a holder 11 of a honing head 10 expandably along a radial direction. Each of the grind-stone-mounts 12 is provided with a support part 13 disposed inside along the radial direction, and a grind part 14 including the grind stone 15 and disposed outside along the radial direction. The grind part 14 is swingably attached to the support part 13 through one or more spring members 16 disposed at intervals along an axial direction of the holder 11.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing an optically active compound represented by Formula (3): (wherein R1 is an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and any hydrogen atom of R1 may be replaced with a substituent; R2 is a hydrogen atom or a group which is not reactive in the reaction below; and * represents a chiral center) or a salt thereof by subjecting a compound represented by Formula (1): (wherein R1 and R2 have the same meanings as defined in Formula (3)) to a ring closure reaction in the presence of a chiral ligand having 1 or more coordination sites, a Lewis acid represented by Formula (2): MmZn??(2) (wherein M is a metal ion, Z is a counter anion of M, and m and n are integers of 1 to 4), and a sulfonyl halide having an optionally substituted alkyl or phenyl group

Abstract: A process for producing a high-cleanliness steel which can produce, without relying upon a high-cost remelting process, steel products having cleanliness high enough to satisfy requirements for properties of mechanical parts used under severe environmental conditions. The production process comprises the steps of: transferring a molten steel produced in an arc melting furnace or a converter to a ladle furnace to refine the molten steel; subjecting the molten steel to circulation-type degassing; and casting the molten steel into an ingot, wherein, in transferring the molten steel to the ladle furnace, a deoxidizer including aluminum and silicon, is added to previously deoxidize the molten steel, that is, to perform tapping deoxidation before refining in the ladle refining furnace.

Abstract: A plurality of grind-stone-mounts 12 each having a grind stone 15 on its outer side are attached to a holder 11 of a honing head 10 expandably along a radial direction. Each of the grind-stone-mounts 12 is provided with a support part 13 disposed inside along the radial direction, and a grind part 14 including the grind stone 15 and disposed outside along the radial direction. The grind part 14 is swingably attached to the support part 13 through one or more spring members 16 disposed at intervals along an axial direction of the holder 11.

Abstract: A process for producing a high-cleanliness steel which can produce, without relying upon a high-cost remelting process, steel products having cleanliness high enough to satisfy requirements for properties of mechanical parts used under severe environmental conditions. The production process comprises the steps of: transferring a molten steel produced in an arc melting furnace or a converter to a ladle furnace to refine the molten steel; subjecting the molten steel to circulation-type degassing; and casting the molten steel into an ingot, wherein, in transferring the molten steel to the ladle furnace, a deoxidizer including aluminum and silicon, is added to previously deoxidize the molten steel, that is, to perform tapping deoxidation before refining in the ladle refining furnace.

Abstract: A process for producing a high-cleanliness steel is provided which can produce, without relying upon a high-cost remelting process, steel products having cleanliness high enough to satisfy requirements for properties of mechanical parts used under severe environmental conditions. The production process comprises the steps of: transferring a molten steel produced in an arc melting furnace or a converter to a ladle furnace to refine the molten steel; subjecting the molten steel to circulation-type degassing; and casting the molten steel into an ingot, wherein, in transferring the molten steel to the ladle furnace, a deoxidizer including aluminum and silicon, is added to previously deoxidize the molten steel, that is, to perform tapping deoxidation before refining in the ladle refining furnace.

Abstract: A process for producing a high-cleanliness steel is provided which can produce, without relying upon a high-cost remelting process, steel products having cleanliness high enough to satisfy requirements for properties of mechanical parts used under severe environmental conditions. The production process comprises the steps of: transferring a molten steel produced in an arc melting furnace or a converter to a ladle furnace to refine the molten steel; subjecting the molten steel to circulation-type degassing; and casting the molten steel into an ingot, wherein, in transferring the molten steel to the ladle furnace, a deoxidizer including aluminum and silicon is added to previously deoxidize the molten steel, that is, to perform tapping deoxidation before refining in the ladle refining furnace.

Abstract: A process for producing a high-cleanliness steel is provided which can produce, without relying upon a high-cost remelting process, steel products having cleanliness high enough to satisfy requirements for properties of mechanical parts used under severer environmental conditions. The production process comprises the steps of: transferring a molten steel produced in an arc melting furnace or a converter to a ladle furnace to refine the molten steel; subjecting the molten steel to circulation-type degassing; and casting the molten steel into an ingot, wherein, in transferring the molten steel to the ladle furnace, a deoxidizer including aluminum and silicon, is added to previously deoxidize the molten steel, that is, to perform tapping deoxidation before refining in the ladle refining furnace.

Abstract: An image processing method using multiple images includes the steps of imaging multiple differently focused images Im (m=1, . . . , n); deriving an identical equation based on superposition models realized between the multiple differently focused images Im and desired images I, obtaining a solution by substituting multiple images Im and the functions Tmk and Tk of different focusing into the identical equation; performing an image process for generating desired image I based on this solution; and selectively generating a desired image I by controlling the function Tk.

Abstract: An image generation apparatus is provided with an image acquisition unit for acquiring images of a three-dimensional object from a plurality of positions along a curve by computer graphics or a television camera. A memory unit stores images obtained by the image acquisition unit. An address generating unit calculates a first address showing the position of the image acquisition and a second address showing the position corresponding to the direction of the line of sight in the image according to the first address, for each line of sight from a specified viewpoint according to the positional information for the viewpoint and the curve at the time of image acquisition. An image generation processing unit combines the image information read from the memory unit by the first and second addresses generated by the address generating unit and generates the image of the three-dimensional object. Display equipment displays the image.

Abstract: A system for processing 3-D multiple-view images which can render an image of a 3-D object as seen from any arbitrary viewpoint based on the 3-D multiple-view images, provided with an image acquisition unit for acquiring 3-D multiple-view images of a 3-D object as seen from a plurality of viewpoints, an image analysis unit for analyzing 3-D multiple-view images comprised of a plurality of images and finding the layered feature trajectory information comprised of trajectories linking identical points of the 3-D object, an image interpolation unit for rendering by interpolation an image of the 3-D object as seen from a specified (by user) viewpoint based on the layered feature trajectory information, an image compression unit for approximating the shape and color and texture information for the individual trajectories of the layered feature trajectory information for compression coding, a memory unit for storing the coded layered feature trajectory information, and an image reconstruction unit for reconstructin