Abstract: A communication system is provided comprising an environment-side electrode and a living body-side electrode sandwiching an insulating layer and electrically insulated from each other, a grounding electrode which is electrically connected to the environment-side electrode, and a reception amplifier which amplifies a potential difference between the environment-side electrode and the living body-side electrode, wherein the grounding electrode has a side surface section which extends along a vertical direction.

Abstract: A communication system is provided comprising an environment-side electrode and a living body-side electrode sandwiching an insulating layer and electrically insulated from each other, a grounding electrode which is electrically connected to the environment-side electrode, and a reception amplifier which amplifies a potential difference between the environment-side electrode and the living body-side electrode, wherein the grounding electrode has a side surface section which extends along a vertical direction.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a first recording layer, and a second recording layer contiguous to the first recording layer in a laminated direction. A recording operation is performed with respect to the first recording layer and the second recording layer in such a manner that frequency bands of reproducing signals are different from each other.

Abstract: A hologram apparatus comprises a vibration detection beam generation unit to apply a vibration detection beam, incoherent to the data and reference beams and to detect the presence/absence of vibrations, to the hologram recording medium; a light reception/determination unit to receive the vibration detection beam emitted from the medium after the beam is applied to and propagates through the medium and to determine whether the beam receiving position is within a preset range; and an interruption unit to interrupt at least one of the data and reference beams from being applied to the medium, when this unit has determined that the position of beam reception is not within the preset range.

Abstract: A tilt detection apparatus for a medium comprises a tilt detection beam generator that makes a tilt detection beam incident ion a medium to detect whether the medium is tilted with respect to a reference position; a light reception unit that receives the tilt detection beam that after striking the medium, has come from the medium; and a correction output unit that outputs a signal to correct a tilt of the medium, based on a difference in light reception position on the light reception unit between a position at which the light reception unit receives the tilt detection beam and a position at which the light reception unit is to receive the tilt detection beam when the medium is in the reference position.

Abstract: A hologram recording and playback method comprises establishing in advance a test region adapted to record a piece of test data for each of a reference incidence angle and a plurality of stepped incidence angles of a recording reference beam in a recording medium, successively setting an incidence angle of the recording reference beam equal to the reference incidence angle or one of the plurality of the stepped incidence angles, successively recording in the test region each piece of the test data, causing a playback reference beam to be applied to the test region at the same incidence angle as the reference incidence angle to globally play back all the pieces of the test data, selecting the data with the maximum diffraction efficiency, and correcting the incidence angles of the recording reference beam and the playback reference beam based on the difference between the reference incidence angle or one of the plurality of the stepped incidence angles corresponding to the selected data and the reference incide

Abstract: A hologram apparatus comprises a vibration detection beam generation unit to apply a vibration detection beam, incoherent to the data and reference beams and to detect the presence/absence of vibrations, to the hologram recording medium; a light reception/determination unit to receive the vibration detection beam emitted from the medium after the beam is applied to and propagates through the medium and to determine whether the beam receiving position is within a preset range; and an interruption unit to interrupt at least one of the data and reference beams from being applied to the medium, when this unit has determined that the position of beam reception is not within the preset range.

Abstract: A hologram apparatus comprises a light detection unit detecting a light intensity of at least one of the data beam and the reference beam; a determination unit determining whether light intensities of the data beam and the reference beam reach to a reference value which can form a hologram having certain diffraction efficiency, based on the light intensity detected by the light detection unit; and a block unit blocking application of at least one of the data beam and the reference beam into the hologram recording medium, based on the result of the determination of the determination unit indicating that the light intensities of the data beam and the reference beam reach to the reference value.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device, with a semiconductor laser element operable to oscillate and output a laser beam, is provided with a heat generation unit operable to generate heat so as to regulate the temperature of the semiconductor laser element, a laser beam splitting unit operable to split a laser beam, oscillated and output from the semiconductor laser element, into first and second beams each forming an optical path different from each other, and a heat generation control unit operable to control the amount of heat generated by the heat generation unit so as to maintain constant a fringe spacing between interference fringes with a plurality of fringes obtained as a result of the interference between the first and second beams.

Abstract: A hologram recording and playback method comprises establishing in advance a test region adapted to record a piece of test data for each of a reference incidence angle and a plurality of stepped incidence angles of a recording reference beam in a recording medium, successively setting an incidence angle of the recording reference beam equal to the reference incidence angle or one of the plurality of the stepped incidence angles, successively recording in the test region each piece of the test data, causing a playback reference beam to be applied to the test region at the same incidence angle as the reference incidence angle to globally play back all the pieces of the test data, selecting the data with the maximum diffraction efficiency, and correcting the incidence angles of the recording reference beam and the playback reference beam based on the difference between the reference incidence angle or one of the plurality of the stepped incidence angles corresponding to the selected data and the reference incide

Abstract: A hologram reproduction apparatus comprises a first optical system disposed on one side of the hologram recording medium to form an optical path of the reproduction reference beam using the same optical path as that of the recording reference beam; a second optical system disposed on the data beam optical path on the other side of the hologram recording medium that is opposed to the one side to receive a diffracted light obtained by causing the reproduction reference beam to strike on the one side of the hologram recording medium from the one side of the hologram recording medium and load captured image data corresponding to the image data; and a control unit operable to carry out an inverse Fourier transform process on the captured image data loaded into the second optical system.

Abstract: A tilt detection apparatus for a medium comprises a tilt detection beam generator that makes a tilt detection beam incident ion a medium to detect whether the medium is tilted with respect to a reference position; a light reception unit that receives the tilt detection beam that after striking the medium, has come from the medium; and a correction output unit that outputs a signal to correct a tilt of the medium, based on a difference in light reception position on the light reception unit between a position at which the light reception unit receives the tilt detection beam and a position at which the light reception unit is to receive the tilt detection beam when the medium is in the reference position.

Abstract: A switching means is provided in a power source line for supplying the A.C. power source of a main power source circuit. A lock switch is separately provided. In the normal state, the lock switch is in a locked off state, thereby controlling the on-off operation of the switching means by the automatic on-off function based on a power source operating switch and timer etc. By turning the lock switch off, the switching means is locked, thereby overriding the automatic on-off function and the power source operating switch.