Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including a photosensitive layer formed on an electroconductive substrate. The photosensitive layer includes a charge-generating material and an electron-transporting material, and the electron-transporting material includes first and second electron-transporting materials. A difference in lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy between the first electron-transporting material and the charge-generating material is in a range from 1.0 to 1.5 eV, and a difference in LUMO energy between the second electron-transporting material and the charge-generating material is in a range from 0.6 to 0.9 eV. A ratio of mass of the second electron-transporting material to a total of mass of the first electron-transporting material and the mass of the second electron-transporting material is in a range from 3 to 40%.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a novel and improved surgical face guard with which a three-dimensional image can be used safely during medical treatment. [Solution] Provided is a surgical face guard, including a frame configured to be worn on a head of a medical worker, and a polarization shield configured to cover at least an in-front-of-eyes part and a part of a side-of-face surface of the medical worker, and have a predetermined polarization property with respect to a three-dimensional image.

Abstract: A reflector includes a gain fiber and a periodic refraction structure unit. The gain fiber has a core doped with a rare earth element. The periodic refraction structure unit includes a high-refractive-index region that has a predetermined width, that is formed at a predetermined spacing along an optical axis direction of the gain fiber, that is formed across an entire section of the core that is orthogonal to the optical axis of the core, and that has a first refractive index, and a low-refractive-index region that is formed adjacent to the high-refractive-index region, that has a width equal to the predetermined spacing, and that has a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index. A width di of an ith periodic structure of refractive index in the periodic refraction structure unit is given by the equation di=Hi·(?/(2·ni))+?/(4·ni).

Abstract: Provided is a device for controlling a fuel injection device capable of suppressing deterioration of exhaust performance while ensuring driving performance when acceleration of a vehicle is requested during an intake stroke. Therefore, when the acceleration of a vehicle is requested during an intake stroke in one combustion cycle, an engine control unit 9 estimates an increase (acceleration intake air amount Qad) of the amount of air taken in a combustion chamber 19 of an internal combustion engine 1 associated with the acceleration of the vehicle after the acceleration of the vehicle is requested in one combustion cycle based on a lift amount of an intake valve 3. The engine control unit 9 controls a fuel injection valve 5 so as to increase a fuel injection amount in one combustion cycle according to the acceleration intake air amount Qad.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing rotator being rotatable and a heater to heat the fixing rotator. The heater includes a tube, a heat generator, disposed inside the tube, to generate heat, and a sealing portion, disposed at each lateral end of the tube in a longitudinal direction of the heater, to seal the tube. A reflector reflects heat radiated from the heater toward the fixing rotator. The reflector includes an outboard edge being disposed inboard from at least a part of the sealing portion in an axial direction of the fixing rotator.

Abstract: A photoconductor for electrophotography, including an electroconductive base member, an anodic oxide coating provided on the electroconductive base member, an interlayer provided on the anodic oxide coating, and a photosensitive layer including a charge transport layer formed on the interlayer, and a charge generation layer laminated on the charge transport layer. The charge transport layer contains a charge transport material and a first resin binder. The charge generation layer contains a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a second resin binder. The anodic oxide coating has a film thickness of 2 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less. The interlayer contains a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, and has a film thickness of 0.02 ?m or more and 0.3 ?m or less.

Abstract: Provided is a Cr alloy target material with which formation of craters on the surface of the Cr alloy target material during film formation can be limited and the adhesion of droplets on the material being treated can be limited. The Cr alloy target material is represented by an atom ratio composition formula of Cr100-x-yM1xM2y, wherein 0.1?x?21.0, 0.1?y?23.0, M1 is at least one kind of element selected from Ti and V, and M2 is at least one kind of element selected from Mo, Mn, B, W, Nb and Ta, with the balance being unavoidable impurities. The Cr alloy target material contains 10-1000 mass ppm of oxygen as an unavoidable impurity.

Abstract: Provided is a positively charged electrophotographic photoconductor, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electrophotographic apparatus using the same. The positively charged electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive support and a single layer-type photosensitive layer provided thereon including a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a mixed binder resin. Alternately, the positively charged electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive support; a charge transport layer provided on the electroconductive support and containing at least a hole transport material, and a binder resin; and a charge generation layer provided on the charge transport layer and including at least a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a mixed binder resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor which, even when mounted on a high-image-quality monochrome high-speed printer or tandem color printer including a cleaner-less process of a non-magnetic single-component contact development system using a polymerized toner, inhibits the generation of fine black spots or color spots and suppresses the occurrence of toner filming during the initial printing under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and thereby stably attains a high image quality in a variety of environments.

Abstract: [Object] To reduce heat damage to a film when a lithium layer is formed on the film by using a roll-to-roll system. [Solving Means] A roll-to-roll deposition apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a film travel mechanism, a lithium source, and a first roller. The vacuum chamber is capable of maintaining a reduced-pressure state. The film travel mechanism is capable of causing a film to travel inside the vacuum chamber. The lithium source is capable of making lithium melt inside the vacuum chamber. The first roller is disposed between a deposition surface of the film and the lithium source. The first roller has a transfer pattern that receives the molten lithium from the lithium source. The first roller transfers a pattern of a lithium layer corresponding to the transfer pattern to the deposition surface while being rotated.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing rotator being rotatable and a heater to heat the fixing rotator. The heater includes a tube, a heat generator, disposed inside the tube, to generate heat, and a sealing portion, disposed at each lateral end of the tube in a longitudinal direction of the heater, to seal the tube. A reflector reflects heat radiated from the heater toward the fixing rotator. The reflector includes an outboard edge being disposed inboard from at least a part of the sealing portion in an axial direction of the fixing rotator.

Abstract: A reflector includes a gain fiber and a periodic refraction structure unit. The gain fiber has a core doped with a rare earth element. The periodic refraction structure unit includes a high-refractive-index region that has a predetermined width, that is formed at a predetermined spacing along an optical axis direction of the gain fiber, that is formed across an entire section of the core that is orthogonal to the optical axis of the core, and that has a first refractive index, and a low-refractive-index region that is formed adjacent to the high-refractive-index region, that has a width equal to the predetermined spacing, and that has a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index. A width di of an ith periodic structure of refractive index in the periodic refraction structure unit is given by the equation di=Hi·(?/(2·ni))+?/(4·ni).

Abstract: A valve opening and closing timing control apparatus includes: a driving side rotor synchronously rotating with a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine; a driven side rotor disposed coaxially with a rotary axis of the driving side rotor and synchronously rotating with a camshaft; a connecting bolt disposed coaxially with the rotary axis, and connecting the driven side rotor to the camshaft; and a position determination unit performing positioning between the driven side rotor and the camshaft, or in a case where an intermediate member is provided between the driven side rotor and the camshaft, between the driven side rotor and the intermediate member, or between the camshaft and the intermediate member, wherein the position determination unit includes an engaging pin, first and second hole portions, and a deformation absorbing unit.

Abstract: Provided is a positively charged electrophotographic photoconductor that provides a stable high-quality image in any environment, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electrophotographic apparatus using the same. The positively charged electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive support; and a single layer-type photosensitive layer provided on the electroconductive support and including a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material and a binder resin. Alternately, the positively charged electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive support; a charge transport layer provided on the electroconductive support and containing at least a hole transport material and a binder resin; and a charge generation layer provided on the charge transport layer and including at least a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material and a binder resin.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing rotator being rotatable and a heater to heat the fixing rotator. The heater includes a tube, a heat generator, disposed inside the tube, to generate heat, and a sealing portion, disposed at each lateral end of the tube in a longitudinal direction of the heater, to seal the tube. The sealing portion includes an inboard edge. A reflector reflects heat radiated from the heater toward the fixing rotator. The reflector includes an outboard edge being disposed inboard from the inboard edge of the sealing portion in an axial direction of the fixing rotator.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a rotatable endless belt formed into a loop and a heater disposed opposite the endless belt to heat the endless belt. A nip formation pad is disposed inside the loop formed by the endless belt. The nip formation pad includes a metallic thermal equalizer extending in an axial direction of the endless belt. A rotatable pressure rotator presses against the nip formation pad via the endless belt to form a fixing nip between the endless belt and the pressure rotator, through which a recording medium bearing a toner image is conveyed. The pressure rotator includes an increased tackiness portion disposed at a lateral end of the pressure rotator in an axial direction of the pressure rotator to transmit a driving force to the endless belt. The increased tackiness portion is disposed opposite the thermal equalizer of the nip formation pad.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor which, even when mounted on a high-image-quality monochrome high-speed printer or tandem color printer including a cleaner-less process of a non-magnetic single-component contact development system using a polymerized toner, inhibits the generation of fine black spots or color spots and suppresses the occurrence of toner filming during the initial printing under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and thereby stably attains a high image quality in a variety of environments. The electrophotographic photoreceptor is a positively-chargeable electrophotographic photoreceptor which includes, on a conductive support, a single layer-type photosensitive layer that contains a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The charge generation material contains at least a titanyl phthalocyanine, and a contact angle between the surface of an outermost layer and water is in a range of 81° to 87°.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a primary heater and a secondary heater that heat a fixing rotator. The primary heater includes a primary major heat generation portion and a primary minor heat generation portion. The primary minor heat generation portion includes a major heat generator that generates an increased amount of heat and a minor heat generator that generates a decreased amount of heat smaller than the increased amount of heat generated by the major heat generator. The major heat generator has a width in an axial direction of the fixing rotator that is not smaller than 30 percent and not greater than 35 percent with respect to a width of the primary minor heat generation portion in the axial direction of the fixing rotator. A temperature detector is disposed opposite the minor heat generator of the primary heater to detect a temperature of the fixing rotator.

Abstract: A fixing device includes an endless fixing belt that is multilayered, an opposing rotator disposed opposite the fixing belt and pressed to the fixing belt to form a nip, a heater disposed inside the fixing belt, and a safety device including a contactless temperature sensor disposed outside the fixing belt and apart from an outer face of the fixing. The fixing belt is to rotate and thermally expand. The contactless temperature sensor detects a temperature of the fixing belt. The safety device stops heating by the heater when the temperature detected by the contactless temperature sensor is at or higher than a predetermined temperature. As the outer face of the fixing belt shifts outward in the radial direction due to thermal, a proportion of the outer face of the fixing belt in a viewing angle of the contactless temperature sensor increases.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a fixing device to fix a toner image onto a recording medium, a voltmeter to measure an input voltage from an external source, and a controller operatively connected to the fixing device and the voltmeter. The fixing device includes an endless, fixing rotator formed into a loop, a heater to heat the fixing rotator, a pressure pad disposed inside the loop, and a pressure rotator disposed opposite the pressure pad via the fixing rotator to press the fixing rotator against the pressure pad to form a fixing nip between the fixing rotator and the pressure rotator, through which the recording medium bearing the toner image is conveyed. The controller controls a heating operation of the heater and a fixing operation of the fixing device to fix the toner image onto the recording medium, based on the input voltage measured by the voltmeter.