Abstract: There is provided an electron microscope capable of easily achieving power saving. The electron microscope (100) includes a controller (60) for switching the mode of operation of the microscope from a first mode where electron lenses (12, 14, 18, 20) are activated to a second mode where the electron lenses (12, 14, 18, 20) are not activated. During this operation for making a switch from the first mode to the second mode, the controller (60) performs the steps of: closing a first vacuum gate valve (50), opening a second vacuum gate valve (52), and vacuum pumping the interior of the electron optical column (2) of the microscope by the second vacuum pumping unit (40); then controlling a heating section (26) to heat an adsorptive member (242); then opening the first vacuum gate valve (50), closing the second vacuum gate valve (52), and vacuum pumping the interior of the electron optical column (2) by the first vacuum pumping unit (30); and turning off the electron lenses (12, 14, 18, 20).

Abstract: A transmission electron microscope (100) capable of reducing the effects of stray magnetic fields includes an electron beam source (2), an illumination lens system (4) for causing the electron beam to impinge on a sample (S), a sample stage (6) for holding the sample (S), a first objective lens (8), a second objective lens (10) disposed behind the first objective lens (8), an imaging lens system (16) disposed behind the second objective lens (10), and a controller (22) configured or programmed for controlling the first objective lens (8) and the second objective lens (10). The first objective lens (8) has upper and lower polepieces disposed on opposite sides of the sample (S). The upper and lower polepieces together produce a magnetic field. The controller (22) performs an operation for controlling the second objective lens (10) to construct a TEM (transmission electron microscope) image of the sample (S) out of the electron beam transmitted through the sample (S).

Abstract: A transmission electron microscope (TEM) includes an electron beam source (2), an illumination lens (4), a first objective lens (6), a second objective lens (8), a selected area aperture (16), a projector lens (10), a detector (12), and a control portion (22). A first plane (17) is located between the second objective lens (8) and the projector lens (10). The control portion (22) performs first sets of processing for controlling the illumination lens (4) such that an electron beam (L) hits the sample (S), controlling the second objective lens (8) such that a diffraction pattern of the sample (S) is imaged onto the first plane (17), and controlling the projector lens (10) such that a TEM image of the sample (S) formed by the second objective lens (8) is focused onto a second plane where the light-sensitive portion (13) of the detector (12) is disposed.

Abstract: In a cutting insert, a cutting edge is formed on a peripheral border of a rake face; a protruding section is formed on the rake face; a pair of convex sections is formed so as to extend toward the cutting edge; the convex sections face toward a corner portion; the convex sections include first wall surfaces and second wall surfaces; the first wall surfaces and the second wall surfaces are inclined surfaces that are inclined toward the rake face as those are farther from ridgelines intersecting with each other; and the intersection ridgelines intersect with a wall surface of the protruding section, at a position lower than a top portion of the protruding section in the corner portion side.

Abstract: Method and system are offered which evacuate a sample holder such that a sample can be inserted into the electron optical column of a microscope while certainly preventing exposure to the atmosphere. The system has pumping control means for controlling a vacuum pumping sequence. The inside of a microscope goniometer is evacuated to a given low vacuum state while the pressure inside a hermetic sample chamber is kept constant by the pumping control means. Then, the partition valve of the sample chamber is opened by the pumping control means and the sample chamber is brought to the low vacuum state. Then, the goniometer and sample chamber are brought to a high vacuum state by the pumping control means. Then, the sample is brought into the front end of the goniometer, and the sample holder is inserted into the electron optical column.

Abstract: The cutting insert is provided with an insert main body, a cutting edge formed at a circumferential edge of the rake face of the insert main body to have a corner edge and two side edges arranged on the both sides thereof, a protrusion portion formed on the rake face, and a pair of convex portions formed on both sides divided by a bisector of the corner edge. Each of the pair of convex portions is provided with a first wall surface facing the corner edge of the cutting edge, and a second wall surface facing the side edge. On the rake face closer to the corner edge than the pair of convex portions, a recess having a rear wall portion which extends so as to cross the bisector between the corner edge and the convex portion is formed.

Abstract: A transmission electron microscope (TEM) includes an electron beam source (2), an illumination lens (4), a first objective lens (6), a second objective lens (8), a selected area aperture (16), a projector lens (10), a detector (12), and a control portion (22). A first plane (17) is located between the second objective lens (8) and the projector lens (10). The control portion (22) performs first sets of processing for controlling the illumination lens (4) such that an electron beam (L) hits the sample (S), controlling the second objective lens (8) such that a diffraction pattern of the sample (S) is imaged onto the first plane (17), and controlling the projector lens (10) such that a TEM image of the sample (S) formed by the second objective lens (8) is focused onto a second plane where the light-sensitive portion (13) of the detector (12) is disposed.

Abstract: Method and system are offered which evacuate a sample holder such that a sample can be inserted into the electron optical column of a microscope while certainly preventing exposure to the atmosphere. The system has pumping control means for controlling a vacuum pumping sequence. The inside of a microscope goniometer is evacuated to a given low vacuum state while the pressure inside a hermetic sample chamber is kept constant by the pumping control means. Then, the partition valve of the sample chamber is opened by the pumping control means and the sample chamber is brought to the low vacuum state. Then, the goniometer and sample chamber are brought to a high vacuum state by the pumping control means. Then, the sample is brought into the front end of the goniometer, and the sample holder is inserted into the electron optical column.

Abstract: In a cutting insert, a cutting edge is formed on a peripheral border of a rake face; a protruding section is formed on the rake face; a pair of convex sections is formed so as to extend toward the cutting edge; the convex sections face toward a corner portion; the convex sections include first wall surfaces and second wall surfaces; the first wall surfaces and the second wall surfaces are inclined surfaces that are inclined toward the rake face as those are farther from ridgelines intersecting with each other; and the intersection ridgelines intersect with a wall surface of the protruding section, at a position lower than a top portion of the protruding section in the corner portion side.

Abstract: The cutting insert is provided with an insert main body, a cutting edge formed at a circumferential edge of the rake face of the insert main body to have a corner edge and two side edges arranged on the both sides thereof, a protrusion portion formed on the rake face, and a pair of convex portions formed so as to extend out to the side edges on both sides divided by a bisector of the corner edge from a wall surface of the protrusion portion to the rake face. Each of the pair of convex portions is provided with a first wall surface which extends so as to separate gradually from each other toward the cutting edge from the wall surface of the protrusion portion, and facing the corner edge of the cutting edge, and a second wall surface in contact with the first wall surface and continuing to both ends of the corner edge, facing the side edge. The first and the second wall surfaces incline toward the rake face as they extend away from a ridge line between the both wall surfaces.

Abstract: In a cutting insert, a cutting edge is formed on a peripheral border of a rake face; a protruding section is formed on the rake face; a pair of convex sections is formed so as to extend toward the cutting edge; the convex sections face toward a corner portion; the convex sections include first wall surfaces and second wall surfaces; the first wall surfaces and the second wall surfaces are inclined surfaces that are inclined toward the rake face as those are farther from ridgelines intersecting with each other; and the intersection ridgelines intersect with a wall surface of the protruding section, at a position lower than a top portion of the protruding section in the corner portion side.

Abstract: An invoice 11 is formed such that a sales voucher 13 which can be exchanged with a ticket or a gift certificate, a receipt 15 for the amount of COD to be given to a consumer (receiver) at the time of collecting the money, and a credit slip and an arrival stub 17, which is brought back by a home delivery agent at the time of collecting the money, are detachably integrated on one sheet of paper 19, and is printed by, for example, a laser printer.

Abstract: A duplicate thermal slip 1 is a two-bound slip, and the first sheet is separated into two halves at a perforated line 2, the upper part being a docket 3, and the lower part being an invoice 5.

Abstract: A shipment-supporting server 19 generates a shipping instruction pending list based on order information from an order-accepting server 15, and transmits the shipping instruction pending list to a shopkeeper terminal. The shopkeeper terminal 23 generates transport information, shipping-place information, and a shipping instruction request based on the received shipping instruction pending list, and transmits the transport information, the shipping-place information, and the shipping instruction request to the shipment-supporting server 19. Then, shipment-supporting server 19 generates a shipment pending list based on the transport information, the shipping-place information, and the shipping instruction request thus received, and transmits the shipment pending list to each shipping-place terminal 25.

Abstract: In an interference fit type cutting tool according to the present invention, a head section and a shank section are fitted together by shrinkage fitting. The shank section is provided with a shaft portion and a taper portion. The head section is provided with a hole portion to be fitted on the shaft portion, and a tapered portion to be fitted on the taper portion. The hole portion and the tapered portion have an interference, and the inner diameters thereof are smaller than the outer diameters of the shaft portion and the taper portion. Two-surface restraint is established by fixing the shaft portion and the hole portion, and the taper portion and the tapered portion with the interference pressure by shrinkage fitting. A key is formed on the leading end face of the-shaft portion, a key groove is formed in the bottom face of the hole portion, and the key and the key groove are fitted together.

Abstract: In an interference fit type cutting tool according to the present invention, a head section and a shank section are fitted together by shrinkage fitting. The shank section is provided with a shaft portion and a taper portion. The head section is provided with a hole portion to be fitted on the shaft portion, and a tapered portion to be fitted on the taper portion. The hole portion and the tapered portion have an interference, and the inner diameters thereof are smaller than the outer diameters of the shaft portion and the taper portion. Two-surface restraint is established by fixing the shaft portion and the hole portion, and the taper portion and the tapered portion with the interference pressure by shrinkage fitting. A key is formed on the leading end face of the shaft portion, a key groove is formed in the bottom face of the hole portion, and the key and the key groove are fitted together.

Abstract: A boring tool includes a concave groove formed on the outer peripheral surface of a tool body on the side opposite from a cutting blade with respect to an axis of the tool body. The concave, groove 10 is formed so as to extend from a position x, which is separated rearwardly from a front end face of a head portion, toward the rear side, and to be open downward from above a rake face. Furthermore, a sub-groove is formed between the concave groove and a chip pocket. Accordingly, the natural frequency is increased by reducing the weight of the head portion while limiting rigidity reduction, thereby restricting chattering.

Abstract: A permanent magnet type demagnetizing head has a first magnetic part disposed on a front part(21a.sup.1, 21a.sup.2, 21a.sup.3) of a tape running surface of a magnetic material, a second magnetic part (21c) disposed on a rear part of the tape running surface and a non-magnetic part or a feeble magnetic part (21b) disposed between the first and the second magnetic parts in the tape running direction; and the first magnetic part is magnetized in a magnetic pattern having plural magnetized regions of one or more N-pole and S-pole; the second magnetic part is magnetized in a magnetic pattern of alternating stripes of N-pole regions and S-pole regions, the boundaries between neighboring N-pole regions and S-pole regions are inclined, and the intensity of magnetization are gradually reduced in the tape running direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for blanking wide sheet materials into a plurality of pieces of predetermined shapes are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a blanking die press and first and second carriages movable in a predetermined, numerically controlled and programmable sequence along Y and X axes, respectively, relative to the blanking die press. The blanking die includes upper and lower die holders which are adapted to be automatically rotated approximately 180.degree. to reverse the die orientation and thereby more economically blank the sheet material with a minimum of wastage.