Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of formula (1): or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein X1, X2, Ry, Rz, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined herein. Also provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. Also provided herein are methods of using a compound of formula (I), or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, to treat various diseases, disorders, and conditions responsive to the modulation of the contractility of the skeletal sarcomere.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of formula (I): or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein X1, X2, Ry, Rz, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined herein. Also provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. Also provided herein are methods of using a compound of formula (I), or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, to treat various diseases, disorders, and conditions responsive to the modulation of the contractility of the skeletal sarcomere.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compound suitable for a pharmaceutical composition, specifically a pharmaceutically composition for treating nocturia. The inventors have assumed that inhibition of nocturnal activity of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), i.e. aminopeptidase that cleaves AVP, would maintain and/or increase an endogenous AVP level to enhance the antidiuretic effect, which would contribute to a decreased number of nocturnal voids, and have extensively studied compounds which inhibit P-LAP. As a result, the inventors have found that (2R)-3-amino-2-{[4-(substituted pyridine)-2-yl]methyl}-2-hydroxy-propanoic acid derivatives have excellent P-LAP inhibitory activity. The inventors have evaluated antidiuretic effects in water-loaded rats and have found that the compounds increase endogenous AVP levels by inhibiting P-LAP and consequently reduce urine production.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compound suitable for a pharmaceutical composition, specifically a pharmaceutically composition for treating nocturia. The inventors have assumed that inhibition of nocturnal activity of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), i.e. aminopeptidase that cleaves AVP, would maintain and/or increase an endogenous AVP level to enhance the antidiuretic effect, which would contribute to a decreased number of nocturnal voids, and have extensively studied compounds which inhibit P-LAP. As a result, the inventors have found that (2R)-3-amino-2-{[4-(substituted pyridine)-2-yl]methyl}-2-hydroxy-propanoic acid derivatives have excellent P-LAP inhibitory activity. The inventors have evaluated antidiuretic effects in water-loaded rats and have found that the compounds increase endogenous AVP levels by inhibiting P-LAP and consequently reduce urine production.

Abstract: Phenyldifluoromethyl-substituted prolinamide compounds that have a cathepsin S inhibitory effect, and are usable as active ingredients of pharmaceutical compositions for preventing and/or treating autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis, allergies, or graft rejection of an organ, bone marrow or tissue.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compound suitable for a pharmaceutical composition, specifically a pharmaceutically composition for treating nocturia. The inventors have assumed that inhibition of nocturnal activity of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), i.e. aminopeptidase that cleaves AVP, would maintain and/or increase an endogenous AVP level to enhance the antidiuretic effect, which would contribute to a decreased number of nocturnal voids, and have extensively studied compounds which inhibit P-LAP. As a result, the inventors have found that (2R)-3-amino-2-{[4-(substituted pyridine)-2-yl]methyl}-2-hydroxy-propanoic acid derivatives have excellent P-LAP inhibitory activity. The inventors have evaluated antidiuretic effects in water-loaded rats and have found that the compounds increase endogenous AVP levels by inhibiting P-LAP and consequently reduce urine production.

Abstract: Phenyldifluoromethyl-substituted prolinamide compounds that have a cathepsin S inhibitory effect, and are usable as active ingredients of pharmaceutical compositions for preventing and/or treating autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis, allergies, or graft rejection of an organ, bone marrow or tissue.

Abstract: Phenyldifluoromethyl-substituted prolinamide compounds that have a cathepsin S inhibitory effect, and are usable as active ingredients of pharmaceutical compositions for preventing and/or treating autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis, allergies, or graft rejection of an organ, bone marrow or tissue.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a compound useful as a cathepsin S inhibitor. [Means for Solution] The present inventors have examined a compound that has a cathepsin S inhibitory effect and is usable as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating autoimmune disease including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis, allergies, or graft rejection of an organ, bone marrow or tissue, and have found that a phenyldifluoromethyl-substituted prolinamide compound of the present invention has the cathepsin S inhibitory effect, thereby completing the present invention. The phenyldifluoromethyl-substituted prolinamide compound of the present invention has the cathepsin S inhibitory effect and is useful as an agent for preventing and/or treating autoimmune disease including SLE and nephritis, allergies, or graft rejection of an organ, bone marrow or tissue.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compound suitable for a pharmaceutical composition, specifically a pharmaceutically composition for treating nocturia. The inventors have assumed that inhibition of nocturnal activity of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), i.e. aminopeptidase that cleaves AVP, would maintain and/or increase an endogenous AVP level to enhance the antidiuretic effect, which would contribute to a decreased number of nocturnal voids, and have extensively studied compounds which inhibit P-LAP. As a result, the inventors have found that (2R)-3-amino-2-{[4-(substituted pyridine)-2-yl]methyl}-2-hydroxy-propanoic acid derivatives have excellent P-LAP inhibitory activity. The inventors have evaluated antidiuretic effects in water-loaded rats and have found that the compounds increase endogenous AVP levels by inhibiting P-LAP and consequently reduce urine production.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compound suitable for a pharmaceutical composition, specifically a pharmaceutically composition for treating nocturia. The inventors have assumed that inhibition of nocturnal activity of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), i.e. aminopeptidase that cleaves AVP, would maintain and/or increase an endogenous AVP level to enhance the antidiuretic effect, which would contribute to a decreased number of nocturnal voids, and have extensively studied compounds which inhibit P-LAP. As a result, the inventors have found that (2R)-3-amino-2-{[4-(substituted pyridine)-2-yl]methyl}-2-hydroxy-propanoic acid derivatives have excellent P-LAP inhibitory activity. The inventors have evaluated antidiuretic effects in water-loaded rats and have found that the compounds increase endogenous AVP levels by inhibiting P-LAP and consequently reduce urine production.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compound suitable for a pharmaceutical composition, specifically an agent for treating nocturia. The inventors have assumed that inhibition of nocturnal activity of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), i.e. aminopeptidase that cleaves AVP, would maintain and/or increase an endogenous AVP level to enhance the antidiuretic effect, which would contribute to a decreased number of nocturnal voids, and have extensively studied compounds which inhibit P-LAP. As a result, the inventors have found that (2R)-3-amino-2-(pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-propanoic acid derivatives have excellent P-LAP inhibitory activity. The inventors have evaluated antidiuretic effects in water-loaded rats and have found that the compounds increase endogenous AVP levels by inhibiting P-LAP and consequently reduce urine production. The present invention therefore provides compounds expected to be used as an agent for treating nocturia based on P-LAP inhibition.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compound suitable for a pharmaceutical composition, specifically an agent for treating nocturia. The inventors have assumed that inhibition of nocturnal activity of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), i.e. aminopeptidase that cleaves AVP, would maintain and/or increase an endogenous AVP level to enhance the antidiuretic effect, which would contribute to a decreased number of nocturnal voids, and have extensively studied compounds which inhibit P-LAP. As a result, the inventors have found that (2R)-3-amino-2-(pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-propanoic acid derivatives have excellent P-LAP inhibitory activity. The inventors have evaluated antidiuretic effects in water-loaded rats and have found that the compounds increase endogenous AVP levels by inhibiting P-LAP and consequently reduce urine production. The present invention therefore provides compounds expected to be used as an agent for treating nocturia based on P-LAP inhibition.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compound suitable for a pharmaceutical composition, specifically a pharmaceutically composition for treating nocturia. The inventors have assumed that inhibition of nocturnal activity of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), i.e. aminopeptidase that cleaves AVP, would maintain and/or increase an endogenous AVP level to enhance the antidiuretic effect, which would contribute to a decreased number of nocturnal voids, and have extensively studied compounds which inhibit P-LAP. As a result, the inventors have found that (2R)-3-amino-2-{[4-(substituted pyridine)-2-yl]methyl}-2-hydroxy-propanoic acid derivatives have excellent P-LAP inhibitory activity. The inventors have evaluated antidiuretic effects in water-loaded rats and have found that the compounds increase endogenous AVP levels by inhibiting P-LAP and consequently reduce urine production.

Abstract: Substituted imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-one compounds of formula (I) described herein exhibit PDE9-inhibitory action and is useful as an active ingredient for an agent for treating and/or preventing storage dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, and bladder/urethral diseases, and the like.

Abstract: Substituted imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-ones are useful as phosphodiesterase 9 inhibitors.

Abstract: The present inventors have investigated a compound which has a PDE9-inhibitory action and is useful as an active ingredient for an agent for treating and/or preventing storage dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, and bladder/urethral diseases, and the like, and thus, have found that an imidazoquinoxaline compound or a triazoloquinoxaline compound has a PDE9-inhibitory action, thereby completing the present invention.

Abstract: Substituted imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones are useful as PDE9 inhibitors.

Abstract: [Problem] Provided is a compound which has a PDE9-inhibiting action and is useful as an active ingredient for an agent for treating and/or preventing storage dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, and bladder/urethral diseases, and the like. [Means for Solution] The present inventors have investigated a compound which has a PDE9-inhibiting action and is useful as an active ingredient for an agent for treating and/or preventing storage dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, and bladder/urethral diseases, and the like, and thus, have found that an imidazoquinoxaline compound or a triazoloquinoxaline compound has a PDE9-inhibiting action, thereby completing the present invention. The imidazoquinoxaline compound or the triazoloquinoxaline compound of the present invention has a PDE9-inhibiting action and can be used as an agent for preventing and/or treating storage dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, and bladder/urethral diseases, and the like.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical agent having GPR40 receptor agonistic action, particularly a compound which is useful as an insulin secretagogue or an agent for preventing and/or treating diabetes mellitus. The present inventors have examined a compound having GPR40 receptor agonistic action, confirmed that an oxadiazolidinedione compound which has a substituent such as a benzyl group, etc. linked with a substituent such as a phenyl group, etc. through a linker at the 2-position of an oxadiazolidinedione ring, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has an excellent GPR40 agonistic activity, and thus completed the invention. The oxadiazolidinedione compound has excellent insulin secretagogue action and anti-hyperglycemic action, and therefore can be used as an insulin secretagogue or an agent for preventing and/or treating diabetes mellitus.