Abstract: A malicious attack detection method includes: receiving, by a controller, a Packet-in message sent by a switch, where the Packet-in message includes a source host identifier and a destination host identifier of a data packet for which the switch does not find a flow entry; when determining that a host indicated by the destination host identifier does not exist in an SDN network, sending, by the controller, an abnormal flow entry to the switch; receiving, by the controller, a triggering count sent by the switch, where the triggering count is a quantity of times that the abnormal flow entry is triggered; and determining, according to the triggering count, whether a malicious attack is initiated. According to the method, a malicious attack from a host can be detected, a data processing volume of a controller can be reduced, and performance of the controller can be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is an extension of a partial application of the previous invention (P.R.C. Pat. Application No. 201110357015.X) that overcomes the issues of the previous invention requiring a too long curing time of the accelerator, curing agent and diluent after they are mixed with epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, polyurea resin and polyisocyanate resin at the conditions of low temperature and high humidity and producing amine blushing, amine blooming or treaded surface phenomenon. The present invention reduces the curing time and overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of the resins effectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of biological energy, in particular to a biomass liquefaction process and fuel oil and chemical raw materials prepared by the same. The biomass liquefaction process comprises the following steps: preparing a slurry comprising a first catalyst and a biomass; performing a first hydrogenation reaction by introducing hydrogen to the slurry to obtain a first stage hydrogenation product; performing a second hydrogenation reaction by adding a second catalyst and introducing hydrogen into the first stage hydrogenation product to obtain a second stage hydrogenation product; and subjecting the second stage hydrogenation product to separation operation to obtain a fuel oil and chemical raw material; wherein the first hydrogenation reaction is controlled to have a reaction pressure of 13-25 MPa and a reaction temperature of 200-350° C., and the second hydrogenation reaction is controlled to have a reaction pressure of 13-25 MPa and a reaction temperature of 380-480° C.

Abstract: A one-pot liquefaction process for biomass is presented. The one-pot liquefaction process for biomass comprises the following steps: preparing a slurry containing a catalyst, a vulcanizing agent and a biomass, and introducing hydrogen into the slurry to carry out a reaction, thereby obtaining a bio-oil wherein the reaction is controlled to be carried out under a pressure of 13-25 MPa and a temperature of 300-500° C.; and the catalyst comprises amorphous alumina or biomass charcoal loading an active component, and the active component comprises one or more selected from oxides of metals of group VIB, group VIIB or group VIII in the periodic table of elements. The process provided by the present invention has high reaction efficiency, no coke formation and high liquid yield.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for direct liquefaction of biomass. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a biomass, a hydrogenation catalyst and a hydrogen-donor solvent to prepare a biomass slurry; (2) carrying out a first liquefaction reaction with the biomass slurry and hydrogen gas to obtain a first reaction product; (3) carrying out a second liquefaction reaction with the first reaction product and hydrogen gas to obtain a second reaction product; (4) subjecting the second reaction product to a first gas-liquid separation at a temperature of 290-460 DEG C. to produce a first liquid phase and a first gas phase; (5) subjecting the first gas phase to a second gas-liquid separation at a temperature of 30-60 DEG C.

Abstract: A method for establishing an in-band connection in an OpenFlow network and switch where the method includes receiving, from a first port, a SYN packet passing through a first path, recording the first port as a first transmit port between a target controller and a source switch, according to the SYN packet passing through the first path, in an in-band connection list, and forwarding the SYN packet passing through the first path, receiving a SYN response packet from a second port, determining the first transmit port between the target controller and the source switch, and forwarding the SYN response packet from the first transmit port between the target controller and the source switch which enable controllers and switches provided by more manufacturers are compatible.

Abstract: A topological learning method and apparatus for an OPENFLOW network cross a conventional Internet Protocol (IP) network. The method includes obtaining, by a controller, M OPENFLOW switch (OFS) ports connected to a same conventional IP network, determining whether there is a logical switch corresponding to the conventional IP network, if the controller determines that there is no logical switch corresponding to the conventional IP network, creating and storing the information about the logical switch, where the information about the logical switch includes related information of the M OFS ports, and related information of each OFS port includes link information in a direction from the port to the logical switch and/or link information in a direction from the logical switch to the port, and managing, by the controller, the logical switch as a common OPENFLOW switch of an OPENFLOW network.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for producing light oil through liquefying biomass. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a biomass, a hydrogenation catalyst and a solvent oil to prepare a biomass slurry; (2) carrying out a first liquefaction reaction with the biomass slurry and hydrogen gas to obtain a first reaction product; (3) carrying out a second liquefaction reaction with the first reaction product and hydrogen gas to obtain a second reaction product; (4) subjecting the second reaction product to a first separation operation to produce a light component and a heavy component; (5) carrying out vacuum distillation on the heavy component to obtain a light fraction; (6) mixing the light component with the light fraction to form a mixture, carrying out a hydrogenation reaction on the mixture to obtain a hydrogenation product; and (7) subjecting the hydrogenation product to fractionation operation to obtain a light oil.

Abstract: A preset flow table matching policy in a switching device is set, a flow table for processing data by a switching device that the data needs to pass through during forwarding and an action that needs to be executed in the flow table are generated according to the matching policy and capability information of the switching device, and the flow table is sent to the switching device that the data needs to pass through during forwarding such that the control device may generate, according to different flow table information of the switching device and with reference to different data forwarding policies, a corresponding flow table to be executed by the switching device, which manages switching devices of different types, and enables a switching device that has multiple flow tables to flexibly implement a data forwarding function in use of a preset policy.

Abstract: Provided is an integrated system for wet desulfurization using a suspension bed and regeneration, comprising a suspension bed reactor, a gas liquid separation tank, a flash evaporation tank and an oxidation regeneration tank that are connected in sequence. The integrated system is adapted to reduce the sulfur content in the hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.4-140 g/Nm3 to 50 ppm or less by using a suspension bed, so that the desulfurization efficiency is 98% or more. The present invention is adapted to realize regeneration of a spent desulfurizer by reacting an oxygen-containing gas with the rich solution, and the barren solution may be recycled for being used as the desulfurization slurry, without generating secondary pollution. Therefore, a process using the integrated system is simple and reasonable, with high desulfurization and regeneration efficiency, simple equipment, little occupation of land and low investment, which is very suitable for industrial promotion.

Abstract: Provided is a renewable high efficient desulfurization process using a suspension bed, comprising mixing the desulfurization slurry with a hydrogen sulfide containing gas to obtain a first mixture, and passing the first mixture into a suspension bed reactor from bottom to top, with controlling the first mixture to have a dwell time of 5-60 minutes in the suspension bed reactor to allow they contact and react sufficiently with each other; and subjecting a second mixture obtained from the reaction to gas liquid separation to produce a rich solution and a purified gas, feeding the purified gas into a fixed bed reactor for carrying out a second desulfurization to obtain a second purified gas, subjecting the resulting rich solution to flash evaporation and then reacting with an oxygen-containing gas for carrying out regeneration. The process may reduce the sulfur content in the hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.

Abstract: Provided is a renewable wet desulfurization process using a suspension bed, comprising mixing the desulfurization slurry with a hydrogen sulfide containing gas to obtain a first mixture, and passing the first mixture into a suspension bed reactor from bottom to top, with controlling the first mixture to have a dwell time of 5-60 minutes in the suspension bed reactor to allow they contact and react sufficiently with each other; and subjecting a second mixture obtained from the reaction to gas liquid separation to produce a rich solution and a purified gas, subjecting the resulting rich solution to flash evaporation and then reacting with an oxygen-containing gas for carrying out regeneration. The process of the present invention may reduce the hydrogen sulfide content in the hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.4-140 g/Nm3 to 50 ppm or less, so that the desulfurization efficiency is 98% or more.

Abstract: Provided is a high efficient desulfurization-regeneration system using a suspension bed, comprising a suspension bed reactor, a gas liquid separation tank, a flash evaporation tank and an oxidation regeneration tank that are connected in sequence, and a fixed bed reactor connected to the exhaust port of the gas liquid separation tank. The system adopts suspension bed to reduce the sulfur content in the hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.4-140 g/Nm3 to 50 ppm or less, and further reduce the sulfur content to less than 10 ppm in conjunction with a fixed bed. High efficient desulfurization is achieved by combining the crude desulfurization of the suspension bed with fine desulfurization of the fixed bed connected in series. The spent desulfurizer can be regenerated by reacting an oxygen-containing gas with the rich solution, and the barren solution obtained by the regeneration may be recycled for being used as the desulfurization slurry, without generating secondary pollution.

Abstract: Provided is a wet desulfurization process using a suspension bed. The process comprises mixing desulfurization slurry with a hydrogen sulfide containing gas to obtain a first mixture, and passing the first mixture into a suspension bed reactor from bottom to top, with controlling the first mixture to have a dwell time of 5-60 minutes in the reactor to allow they contact and react sufficiently with each other; and subjecting a second mixture obtained from the reaction to gas liquid separation to produce a purified gas. The process of the present invention may reduce the hydrogen sulfide content in the hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.4-140 g/Nm3 to 50 ppm or less, so that the desulfurization efficiency is 98% or more. The process of the present invention is simple and reasonable, with high desulfurization and regeneration efficiency, simple equipment, little occupation of land and low investment, which is very suitable for industrial promotion.

Abstract: Provided is a desulfurization process using a combination of a suspension bed and a fixed bed, comprising mixing the desulfurization slurry with a hydrogen sulfide containing gas to obtain a first mixture, and passing the first mixture into a suspension bed reactor from bottom to top, with controlling the first mixture to have a dwell time of 5-60 minutes in the reactor to allow they contact and react sufficiently with each other; subjecting a second mixture obtained by the reaction to gas liquid separation to produce a gas phase, feeding the gas phase into a fixed bed reactor for carrying out a second desulfurization to obtain a purified gas. The process of the present invention may reduce the sulfur content in the hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.4-140 g/Nm3 to 50 ppm or less by using a suspension bed, and further reduce the sulfur content to less than 10 ppm in conjunction with a fixed bed.

Abstract: A process and device for hydrogenation of heavy oil using a suspension-bed are provided.

Abstract: A method and device for lightening heavy oil by utilizing a suspension-bed hydrogenation process are provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for direct liquefaction of biomass. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a biomass, a hydrogenation catalyst and a hydrogen-donor solvent to prepare a biomass slurry; (2) carrying out a first liquefaction reaction with the biomass slurry and hydrogen gas to obtain a first reaction product; (3) carrying out a second liquefaction reaction with the first reaction product and hydrogen gas to obtain a second reaction product; (4) subjecting the second reaction product to a first gas-liquid separation at a temperature of 290-460 DEG C. to produce a first liquid phase and a first gas phase; (5) subjecting the first gas phase to a second gas-liquid separation at a temperature of 30-60 DEG C.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for producing light oil through liquefying biomass. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a biomass, a hydrogenation catalyst and a solvent oil to prepare a biomass slurry; (2) carrying out a first liquefaction reaction with the biomass slurry and hydrogen gas to obtain a first reaction product; (3) carrying out a second liquefaction reaction with the first reaction product and hydrogen gas to obtain a second reaction product; (4) subjecting the second reaction product to a first separation operation to produce a light component and a heavy component; (5) carrying out vacuum distillation on the heavy component to obtain a light fraction; (6) mixing the light component with the light fraction to form a mixture, carrying out a hydrogenation reaction on the mixture to obtain a hydrogenation product; and (7) subjecting the hydrogenation product to fractionation operation to obtain a light oil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of biological energy, in particular to a biomass liquefaction process and fuel oil and chemical raw materials prepared by the same. The biomass liquefaction process comprises the following steps: preparing a slurry comprising a first catalyst and a biomass; performing a first hydrogenation reaction by introducing hydrogen to the slurry to obtain a first stage hydrogenation product; performing a second hydrogenation reaction by adding a second catalyst and introducing hydrogen into the first stage hydrogenation product to obtain a second stage hydrogenation product; and subjecting the second stage hydrogenation product to separation operation to obtain a fuel oil and chemical raw material; wherein the first hydrogenation reaction is controlled to have a reaction pressure of 13-25 MPa and a reaction temperature of 200-350° C., and the second hydrogenation reaction is controlled to have a reaction pressure of 13-25 MPa and a reaction temperature of 380-480° C.