Abstract: An apparatus for separating and measuring fluid streams having oil, water, and gas phases includes a first generally vertical fluid separation chamber, a second generally vertical fluid separation chamber, an oil outlet line, a water outlet line, and a gas outlet line. The first separation chamber includes a first outlet at the top end for the gas outlet line. A second outlet is at the bottom end of the first fluid separation chamber for discharging the oil and water phases. The second separation chamber includes an inlet for receiving the oil phase and the water phase from the first chamber. The oil outlet line directs the oil phase away from the second chamber. The water outlet line directs the water phase away from the second chamber. The gas outlet line directs the gas away from the first chamber. Flow meters measure water, gas, and oil flow.

Abstract: An apparatus is utilized for obtaining flow measurements from an individual oil and gas well. The apparatus utilizes pipe segments rather than vessels to separate the fluid components into a gas phase, a water phase, and an oil phase. Separation of the flow stream into the different phases allows the measurement of a particular phase. Because the oil stream may continue to contain a small amount of water, a water cut meter may be employed to determine the water content in the oil stream. The apparatus may be configured as a skid package to facilitate transportation and installation of the unit.

Abstract: An apparatus is utilized for obtaining flow measurements from an individual oil and gas well. The apparatus utilizes pipe segments rather than vessels to separate the fluid components into a gas phase, a water phase, and an oil phase. Separation of the flow stream into the different phases allows the measurement of a particular phase. Because the oil stream may continue to contain a small amount of water, a water cut meter may be employed to determine the water content in the oil stream. The apparatus may be configured as a skid package to facilitate transportation and installation of the unit.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus (100) for separating at least a first component (e.g., liquid, etc.) from a second component (e.g, gas or vapor, etc.) from a multiphase fluid during non-ideal flows such as plug flow operation. The apparatus (100) generally has a first line section (111) tangentially connected to the inlet flow line (105) and a second line section (117) coupled in series to the first line section (111). The second line section (117) includes an upper portion and a lower portion, which are respectively coupled to an upper portion and a lower portion of the first line section. The first component is removed using a gas discharge line (119) connected to the second line section (117). A substantially horizontal line section (121) also connected to second line section (117) removes substantially liquids from the second line section (117).

Abstract: A system 100 for measuring the relative flow rates of various components in a multiphase mixture. The system includes an inlet 114 connected to a larger horizontal flow line section 118. Gas flows to a gas flow line 122 from the inlet and/or the horizontal section. Gas flow is measured in a gas flow meter 105 and liquid flow rate is measured in a flow meter 108. Optionally, two phase liquid flow is monitored with a cut meter 110.

Abstract: A method of determining mass flow rate and phase distribution of gas/liquid two-phase flows is disclosed. The method uses a Coriolis-based mass flow meter. Flow streams of known mass flow rate and phase distribution are directed through the meter and correlation factors are obtained using an apparent mass flow rate output and an apparent density output from the Coriolis meter. The true mass flow rate and phase distribution of unknown flow streams can then be determined.

Abstract: A portable instrument for testing at the wellhead continuously, or a stationary instrument for use at a production battery, the outflow of crude hydrocarbons from the well or wells. The invention utilizes a simple relationship of density and thermal coefficients of expansion of the oil and the water, together with improved instrumentation to measure mass flow rate of the crude mixture, to produce accurate continuous readings of oil and water contents in the crude. The invention depends upon state of the art technology both as to the crude handling and the electronics portions of its apparatus.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxide pollutants are substantially reduced and sulfur dioxide minimized in multisolid fluidized beds by staged combustion of the fuel. The lower combustion region is operated at substoichiometric conditions such that NO.sub.x is reduced by carbon and carbon monoxide to nitrogen gas. The upper combustion region is operated at excess oxygen conditions to complete the combustion of char and carbon monoxide. Elevated temperature excursions in the upper region which deter sulfur capture are prevented by recycling cool entrained bed particles therethrough.

Abstract: A portable instrument for testing at the wellhead continuously, or a stationary instrument for use at a production battery, the outflow of crude hydrocarbons from the well or wells. The invention utilizes a simple relationship of density and thermal coefficients of expansion of the oil and the water, together with improved instrumentation to measure mass flow rate of the crude mixture, to produce accurate continuous readings of oil and water contents in the crude. The invention depends upon state of the art technology both as to the crude handling and the electronics portions of its apparatus.

Abstract: A process for treating solid particles (66) of a raw carbonaceous fuel (62) such as coal having an original sulfur content comprises producing (at 68) a slurry (74) of a quantity of the raw fuel particles and a liquid medium (70) comprising water, at least one alkali metal compound including a substantial amount of sodium or potassium sulfide or polysulfide or a combination thereof, and a catalytic agent (72) comprising calcium or magnesium oxide or carbonate, or dolomite. The slurry is subjected (in 78) for an effective period of time to elevated temperature and pressure effective with the alkali metal compounds and water to cause the medium to penetrate the microscopic structure of the particles and to chemically and physically incorporate a substantial amount of the catalytic agent into the structure. The readily separable medium is separated (at 84) from the fuel particles and the particles are washed (at 84,106) to produce a particulate fuel product (88,110) containing the incorporated catalytic agent.

Abstract: A method of operating a fluidized bed system in a single vessel, typically as a combustor system for power or steam generation burning high-sulfur coal or as a gasifier for high-sulfur coal, which comprises forming an entrained fluidized bed in a first space region containing a first solid bed particle component, such as sand or hematite ore containing over 90% Fe.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A method of operating a fluidized bed system, typically as a combustor system for power or steam generation by burning high-sulfur coal, which comprises forming an entrained fluidized bed in a first space region containg a first solid bed particle component, such as a hematite ore containing over 90% Fe.sub.2 O.sub.