Abstract: Electrically-driven separation systems and methods for use in oil recovery.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods to predict the occurrence of polarization and the design and operation of electrochemical systems to maintain a current density below the limiting current density and avoid instability.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the desalination of seawater or brackish water for the purpose of obtaining potable water. Systems may include a combination of electrodialysis and electrodeionization modules. The system configuration and process controls may achieve low energy consumption and stable operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods to predict the occurrence of polarization and the design and operation of electrochemical systems to maintain a current density below the limiting current density and avoid instability.

Abstract: Electrochemical separation devices are configured for lower energy consumption. Techniques for reducing shadow effect may involve providing distance between a spacer screen and an adjacent ion-selective membrane. A spacer having a screen that is thin relative to a surrounding frame may be used. Mild pressure may also be applied to a compartment to promote distance between a spacer screen and an adjacent ion-selective membrane.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating water are provided. In certain examples, the water to be treated is seawater. The systems and methods may utilize an electrochemical water treatment device comprising ion exchange membranes. In at least one example, the electrochemical water treatment device may be configured to perform a desalination process on seawater. In some examples, the ion exchange membranes may be configured to provide a ratio of a pH of the concentrate stream and a pH of the dilution stream to be in a range of from about 0.9 to about 1.2.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the desalination of seawater or brackish water for the purpose of obtaining potable water. Systems may include a combination of electrodialysis and electrodeionization modules. The system configuration and process controls may achieve low energy consumption and stable operation.

Abstract: Electrically-driven separation systems and methods for use in oil recovery.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the desalination of seawater or brackish water for the purpose of obtaining potable water. Systems may include a combination of electrodialysis and electrodeionization modules. The system configuration and process controls may achieve low energy consumption and stable operation.

Abstract: Reverse electrodialysis (RED) may be used to neutralize acid and caustic effluent waste streams, such as in the semiconductor industry. Power may be generated while waste streams are treated by converting chemical energy into electric energy. A bipolar membrane may be integrated into the RED system. Alternatively, an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane may be overlapped and used in place of a bipolar membrane. A cell pair with four membranes and four chambers, without a bipolar membrane, may also be implemented.

Abstract: Electrochemical separation devices are configured for lower energy consumption. Techniques for reducing shadow effect may involve providing distance between a spacer screen and an adjacent ion-selective membrane. A spacer having a screen that is thin relative to a surrounding frame may be used. Mild pressure may also be applied to a compartment to promote distance between a spacer screen and an adjacent ion-selective membrane.