Abstract: The load port includes a FOUP configured to accommodate a plurality of substrates in multiple stages, cameras configured to image each of the substrates accommodated in the FOUP and including a low-magnification camera with a wide horizontal angle of view and a high-magnification camera with a narrow horizontal angle of view, and a CPU configured to detect the accommodation state of each of the substrates based on the imaging data acquired from the low-magnification camera and the high-magnification camera, respectively.

Abstract: A method of resistance spot welding that enables an improvement of a weld strength of steel plates having different plate thicknesses while inhibiting generation of spatters is provided. One aspect of the present disclosure is the method of resistance spot welding, the method including welding a workpiece made of layered steel plates with a resistance spot welding apparatus. The resistance spot welding apparatus includes a first electrode configured to contact a first steel plate among the steel plates, and a second electrode configured to contact, among the steel plates, a second steel plate that is thinner than the first steel plate, and the second electrode being arranged such that the workpiece is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The welding includes welding while moving the second electrode relative to the first electrode in a direction parallel with a plate surface of the second steel plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a welded member in which a workpiece made of a high tensile material and a welding object are welded. The method includes welding the workpiece and the welding object such that welded portions are formed between the workpiece and the welding object by performing projection welding. The method also includes applying a cancellation stress to the welded member after the projection welding, so that a stress that is generated in the welded portions after the projection welding and acts in a direction to pull the welded portions close to each other is canceled.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a molded product that can reduce problems on a reinforcing plate during pressing. In one aspect of the present disclosure, the method of manufacturing a molded product includes welding a first metal plate overlaid with a second metal plate to the second metal plate; and pressing the first metal plate and the second metal plate together. In the pressing, a base surface and a wall surface are formed on the first metal plate; the wall surface is disposed to cross the base surface. In the welding, a first welding is performed on a reinforcing portion of the second metal plate that is overlaid on an area of the first metal plate that is formed into the wall surface; and subsequently, a second welding is performed in a direction crossing a direction of the first welding.

Abstract: Provided is a method of resistance spot welding that can inhibit breakage of a high-tensile steel plate without materials being limited. One aspect of the present disclosure is a method of resistance spot welding including welding of a workpiece made of layered steel plates with a resistance spot welding apparatus. The resistance spot welding apparatus includes a first electrode contacting a first steel plate that is a high-tensile steel plate among the steel plates, and a second electrode contacting a second steel plate having less tensile strength than the first steel plate among the steel plates and configured such that the workpiece is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. In the welding, the first steel plate is compressed in a direction that intersects a thickness direction of the first steel plate at least from during welding of the workpiece until completion of welding of the workpiece.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a joined member that is manufactured by applying resistance welding to a workpiece. The workpiece is provided with plating layers on sides to be in contact with electrodes. In a state in which a first electrode is in contact with a first area in a first plate material that is curved along a contour of a leading end of the first electrode and in which a second electrode is in contact with a second area in a second plate material that is curved along a contour of a leading end of the second electrode, energization between the first electrode and the second electrode is started to form a nugget.

Abstract: Firstly, an upper base material is disposed above a lower base material. Secondly, a laser beam is irradiated so that an area irradiated with a laser beam at a time of melting start is formed on only an upper surface of the upper base material or on only both the upper surface and an end surface of the upper base material, whereby the end surface of the upper base material and the lower base material are fillet welded. With the end surface as a reference, a side the upper surface and the lower surface are positioned is a first side, and an opposite side of the first side is a second side. The laser beam is set such that an intensity of the laser beam is lower toward the second side from the first peak area within the irradiation area of the laser beam.

Abstract: One aspect of the present disclosure is a resistance spot welding apparatus for welding a workpiece made of layered metallic plates. The resistance spot welding apparatus includes a first electrode; a second electrode arranged such that the workpiece is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a pressure mechanism that applies pressure to the first electrode towards the first metallic plate by air. The pressure mechanism includes a piston coupled to the first electrode; a cylinder having an inner space that accommodates the piston; a first ventilation unit that supplies the inner space with air for applying pressure to the first electrode; and a second ventilation unit that discharges air from the inner space as pressure is applied to the first electrode. At least one of the first ventilation unit or the second ventilation unit includes two or more air passages that communicate with the inner space.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method of an assembly, the assembly including a metal part and a pipe, the pipe including a material containing a resin, an adhesive is first adhered to an outer circumferential surface of the pipe and a metal part covering at least a portion of an outer circumferential surface of the pipe. Here, an area to which the adhesive is adhered on the outer circumferential surface of the pipe is defined as an adhesion area. Next, by a heat source provided inside the pipe, a target area is heated without interposing the metal part. The target area is located radially interior to the adhesion area and located on an inner circumferential surface of the pipe.

Abstract: A method of resistance spot welding that enables an improvement of a weld strength of steel plates having different plate thicknesses while inhibiting generation of spatters is provided. One aspect of the present disclosure is the method of resistance spot welding, the method including welding a workpiece made of layered steel plates with a resistance spot welding apparatus. The resistance spot welding apparatus includes a first electrode configured to contact a first steel plate among the steel plates, and a second electrode configured to contact, among the steel plates, a second steel plate that is thinner than the first steel plate, and the second electrode being arranged such that the workpiece is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The welding includes welding while moving the second electrode relative to the first electrode in a direction parallel with a plate surface of the second steel plate.

Abstract: The present disclose provides a method of resistance spot welding that can inhibit Liquid Metal Embrittlement-induced cracking in zinc-coated steel plates irrespective of the plate thicknesses. One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of resistance spot welding that includes welding a workpiece with a resistance spot welding apparatus. The workpiece includes two or more steel plates in an overlapping state. The two or more steel plates include at least one steel plate coated with zinc. The welding includes causing a cooling rate of a high-tensile steel plate among the two or more steel plates to be higher than a cooling rate of an other steel plate among the two or more steel plates. The high-tensile steel plate has a tensile strength higher than a tensile strength of the other steel plate.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a joined member that is manufactured by applying resistance welding to a workpiece. The workpiece is provided with plating layers on sides to be in contact with electrodes. In a state in which a first electrode is in contact with a first area in a first plate material that is curved along a contour of a leading end of the first electrode and in which a second electrode is in contact with a second area in a second plate material that is curved along a contour of a leading end of the second electrode, energization between the first electrode and the second electrode is started to form a nugget.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a molded product that can reduce problems on a reinforcing plate during pressing. In one aspect of the present disclosure, the method of manufacturing a molded product includes welding a first metal plate overlaid with a second metal plate to the second metal plate; and pressing the first metal plate and the second metal plate together. In the pressing, a base surface and a wall surface are formed on the first metal plate; the wall surface is disposed to cross the base surface. In the welding, a first welding is performed on a reinforcing portion of the second metal plate that is overlaid on an area of the first metal plate that is formed into the wall surface; and subsequently, a second welding is performed in a direction crossing a direction of the first welding.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method of an assembly, the assembly including a metal part and a pipe, the pipe including a material containing a resin, an adhesive is first adhered to an outer circumferential surface of the pipe and a metal part covering at least a portion of an outer circumferential surface of the pipe. Here, an area to which the adhesive is adhered on the outer circumferential surface of the pipe is defined as an adhesion area. Next, by a heat source provided inside the pipe, a target area is heated without interposing the metal part. The target area is located radially interior to the adhesion area and located on an inner circumferential surface of the pipe.

Abstract: Firstly, an upper base material is disposed above a lower base material. Secondly, a laser beam is irradiated so that an area irradiated with a laser beam at a time of melting start is formed on only an upper surface of the upper base material or on only both the upper surface and an end surface of the upper base material, whereby the end surface of the upper base material and the lower base material are fillet welded. With the end surface as a reference, a side the upper surface and the lower surface are positioned is a first side, and an opposite side of the first side is a second side. The laser beam is set such that an intensity of the laser beam is lower toward the second side from the first peak area within the irradiation area of the laser beam.

Abstract: Provided is a wastewater treatment method that keeps Bacillus predominant inside the biological treatment tank and makes it possible to improve the water quality of the treated water while suppressing the volume of sludge generated in association with wastewater treatment. A wastewater treatment method for purifying wastewater by microorganisms in a biological treatment tank wherein the wastewater is purified by causing a first microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus that is + for nitric acid reduction and ? for starch decomposition and a second microorganism that is ? for nitric acid reduction and + for starch decomposition in testing of the physiological properties of microorganisms to be predominant inside the biological treatment tank.

Abstract: Provided is a wastewater treatment method that keeps Bacillus predominant inside the biological treatment tank and makes it possible to improve the water quality of the treated water while suppressing the volume of sludge generated in association with wastewater treatment. A wastewater treatment method for purifying wastewater by microorganisms in a biological treatment tank wherein the wastewater is purified by causing a first microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus that is + for nitric acid reduction and ? for starch decomposition and a second microorganism that is ? for nitric acid reduction and + for starch decomposition in testing of the physiological properties of microorganisms to be predominant inside the biological treatment tank.

Abstract: A working fluid flow rate flowing from a second port (13) to a first port (12) is controlled using a solenoid (S). A pilot pin (60) of a pilot valve (V3) driven by the solenoid (S) regulates an auxiliary pilot pressure. An opening of an auxiliary valve (V2) is varied according to the auxiliary pilot pressure, whereby the auxiliary valve (V2) causes working oil to flow out to the first port (12) from the second port (13) and varies a main pilot pressure according to the working oil flow rate. An opening of a main valve (V1) is varied according to the main pilot pressure, whereby the main valve (V1) causes the working oil to flow out to the first port (12) from the second port (13). Precise flow control at a low flow rate and responsive flow control at a high flow rate are thereby realized.

Abstract: A working fluid flow rate flowing from a second port (13) to a first port (12) is controlled using a solenoid (S). A pilot pin (60) of a pilot valve (V3) driven by the solenoid (S) regulates an auxiliary pilot pressure. An opening of an auxiliary valve (V2) is varied according to the auxiliary pilot pressure, whereby the auxiliary valve (V2) causes working oil to flow out to the first port (12) from the second port (13) and varies a main pilot pressure according to the working oil flow rate. An opening of a main valve (V1) is varied according to the main pilot pressure, whereby the main valve (V1) causes the working oil to flow out to the first port (12) from the second port (13). Precise flow control at a low flow rate and responsive flow control at a high flow rate are thereby realized.