Abstract: According to one embodiment, a ceramic metal circuit board is a ceramic metal circuit board formed by bonding metal circuit plates to at least one surface of a ceramic substrate. At least one of the metal circuit plates has an area of not less than 100 mm2 and includes a concave portion having a depth of not less than 0.02 mm within a range of 1% to 70% of a surface of the at least one of the metal circuit plates. The concave portion is provided not less than 3 mm inside from an end of the metal circuit plate.

Abstract: An all-solid-state battery includes a case, a battery element, and a restraint component. The case accommodates the battery element. The battery element includes an electrode part and a resin part. The resin part covers at least a part of a side face of the electrode part. The restraint component applies a first pressure to the electrode part. The restraint component applies a second pressure to the resin part. The ratio of the second pressure to the first pressure is from 1.5 to 18.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus according to one embodiment, includes: a signal generator generating a first signal and a second signal; a first characteristic circuitry acquiring first and second distorted signals by giving first and second distortion characteristic to the first and second signals; a first time-characteristic circuitry acquiring a third distorted signal by giving a first time-characteristic to the first distorted signal and acquiring a fourth distorted signal by giving a second time-characteristic to the second distorted signal; a second characteristic circuitry acquiring a fifth distorted signal by giving a second distortion characteristic to the third distorted signal, and acquiring a sixth distorted signal by giving the second distortion characteristic to the fourth distorted signal; and a processing circuitry estimating at least one of the first distortion characteristic and the second distortion characteristic based on the first signal, the second signal, the fifth distorted signal, and the six

Abstract: A tire includes a circumferential direction groove and plural protrusions. The circumferential direction groove is formed in a tread face so as to open toward an outer side in a tire radial direction. The plural protrusions are formed so as to project to a projection height of from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm from a groove bottom face or a groove side face of the circumferential direction groove, and are spaced apart by a spacing of from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm. A center line MA, MB linking a center point of a leading end side with a center point of a base end side of each of the plural protrusions leans with respect to a perpendicular line HA, HB such that the leading end side of the protrusion is positioned further toward a tire rotation direction upstream side than the base end side of the protrusion when viewed along a tire width direction or the tire radial direction.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a motor drive apparatus is an apparatus which drives a motor including a plurality of phase windings in a mutually unconnected state, and includes first and second inverters. The first and second inverters are first and second modules each of which is configured in such a manner that a switching circuit including a positive side terminal and negative side terminals and a drive circuit intended to drive the switching circuit are accommodated in one package, and which possess configurations identical to each other, and the first and second modules are arranged on a circuit board in a state where the negative side terminals of the modules are respectively close to each other.

Abstract: A primary-side inverter is connected to three output terminals of six output terminals included in a motor with an open winding structure including windings of three independent phases and a secondary-side inverter is connected to the remaining three output terminals. Direct current power is supplied to the inverters, and a control device performs PWM control on the inverters by using a switching pattern in which the numbers of phases where each is turned on are equal, and in the switching pattern, ON of only an upper is continued in one phase from among the three phase outputs, OFF of only a lower is continued in another phase, and the upper and lower are alternately turned on and off such that mutual phases are opposite in the remaining one phase in one cycle of an electric angle of the motor over a plural carrier cycles in PWM control.

Abstract: A tire according to the present disclosure includes a sound absorber on an inner surface of the tire, and a portion or all of the sound absorber is orange.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire of the present disclosure includes: a pair of bead cores embedded in a pair of bead portions, the pair of bead cores each including a pair of small bead cores divided in a tire width direction; and a carcass including one or more carcass plies, the carcass toroidally straddling between the pair of bead cores with end portions of the carcass each sandwiched between the pair of small bead cores and engaged with the small bead cores, in which a sound control body is disposed on an inner surface of the tire in the pair of bead portions.

Abstract: A cell cryopreservation pretreatment operation plate includes a planar operation portion, a first recess for storing a treatment solution, a second recess for storing a treatment solution, a third recess for storing a treatment solution, and a fourth recess for storing discarded solutions. The planar operation portion includes, on a surface thereof, a first circular segment, second circular segment, and third circular segment for placing treatment solutions, an enlarged first circular segment enclosing the first circular segment, an enlarged second circular segment enclosing the second circular segment, and an enlarged third circular segment enclosing the third circular segment.

Abstract: A tire includes a circumferential direction groove and plural protrusions. The circumferential direction groove is formed in a tread face so as to open toward an outer side in a tire radial direction. The plural protrusions are formed so as to project to a projection height of from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm from a groove bottom face or a groove side face of the circumferential direction groove, and are spaced apart by a spacing of from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.

Abstract: A battery model includes a series connection of a direct current resistance model, a charge transfer resistance model derived from the Butler-Volmer equation, and a diffusion resistance model. A battery state estimating device includes a storage unit and a parameter calculating unit. The storage unit stores information on the resistance parameter related to the resistance component of the diffusion resistance model, the time constant parameter related to the time constant of the diffusion resistance model, and the charge parameter of the charge transfer resistance model, in association with temperature information of the secondary battery. The parameter calculating unit calculates each of the parameters corresponding to the detected temperature value based on a detected temperature value of the secondary battery and the information stored in the storage unit.

Abstract: A block segment sections and outer rib-shaped sections are arranged in an outer shoulder land section. An end portion of one of vertical groove sections in one of L-shaped groove sections, which is at the other side in the tire circumferential direction communicates with one of the horizontal groove sections in another L-shaped groove section of the L-shaped groove sections, which is adjacent to the L-shaped groove section in the tire circumferential direction, via one of second communicating sections. In addition, positions of first communicating sections and the second communicating section in the tire width direction are different from each other.

Abstract: A battery state estimating apparatus includes an updating unit. The updating unit updates a charge-transfer impedance model in a battery model of a secondary battery, which is a series connection of a DC resistance model, a charge-transfer impedance model, and an diffusion impedance model, using the amount of change in a measurement value of a current flowing through the secondary such that a first relationship between the current flowing through the secondary battery and a voltage across the charge-transfer resistance approaches a second relationship between an actual value of the current and an actual value of the voltage across the charge-transfer resistance. The first relationship between the current flowing through the secondary battery and the voltage across the charge-transfer resistance is defined based on the Butler-Volmer equation. A state estimator estimates a state of the secondary battery based on the battery model including the updated charge-transfer impedance model.

Abstract: An outer peripheral coating member contains first particles containing titanium oxide, second particles containing zirconium oxide, third particles containing niobium oxide or aluminum oxide, and a dispersion medium. It is preferable for the first particles to have at least two peak values R1 in a distribution of particle sizes of the first particles. One of the peak values R1 is within a range of 1 to 50 nm, and the other peak value R1 is within a range of 100 to 500 nm.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire provided with, in a tread surface, at least two main circumferential grooves, and a first land portion defined by the two main grooves, wherein in the first land portion, the followings are disposed: a first inclined groove; inclining relative to a tire width direction, and having one end portion opening in the main groove on one side adjacent to the first land portion and the other end portion terminating within the first land portion, and a first notched portion; having one end in a tire width direction as a tip positioned at an endmost, in a tire width direction, of the other end portion of the first inclined groove and the other end in a tire width direction opening in the main groove on the other side adjacent to the first land portion.

Abstract: A battery state estimation apparatus estimates a state of a secondary battery based on a battery model thereof. The battery model includes a DC resistance model, a reaction resistance model, and a diffusion resistance model. The apparatus includes a DC information storage section which stores information on the DC resistance related to temperature of the secondary battery, a reaction information storage section which stores information on the reaction resistance parameter related to the temperature, a diffusion information storage section which stores information on each of the first and second parameters related to the temperature, and a state estimation section which calculates the DC resistance, the reaction resistance parameter, and the first and second parameters from the stored information, by using the temperature as input, and estimates the state of the secondary battery based on the DC resistance, reaction resistance parameter, and first and second parameters.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes: two external circumferential main grooves in a vehicle-installed outside half portion; two internal circumferential main grooves in a vehicle-installed inside half portion; a central land portion; an external intermediate land portion; and an internal intermediate land portion. The central land portion is a rib-shaped land portion continuous in the tire circumferential direction. The external intermediate land portion includes external resonators each composed of a first auxiliary groove, a first branch groove, and a second branch groove. The internal intermediate land portion includes internal resonators each composed of a second auxiliary groove, a third branch groove, and a fourth branch groove. The first auxiliary groove is less in groove volume than the second auxiliary groove. A total groove width of the two external circumferential main grooves is less than a total groove width of the two internal circumferential main grooves.

Abstract: A battery model includes a series connection of a direct current resistance model, a charge transfer resistance model derived from the Butler-Volmer equation, and a diffusion resistance model. A battery state estimating device includes a storage unit and a parameter calculating unit. The storage unit stores information on the resistance parameter related to the resistance component of the diffusion resistance model, the time constant parameter related to the time constant of the diffusion resistance model, and the charge parameter of the charge transfer resistance model, in association with temperature information of the secondary battery. The parameter calculating unit calculates each of the parameters corresponding to the detected temperature value based on a detected temperature value of the secondary battery and the information stored in the storage unit.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes, in an inner land (4) portion, a first resonator (9) made up of a first sub-groove (9a), a first branch groove (9b) opening to one of two inner circumferential main grooves (2), and a first branch groove (9c) opening to the other one of the two inner circumferential main grooves (2), and also includes, in an external land portion (5), a second resonator (11) made up of a second sub-groove (11a) and a second branch groove (11b) that is opening to one of two external circumferential main grooves (3) and a third resonator (12) made up of a third sub-groove (12a) and a third branch groove (12b) that is opening to the other one of the two external circumferential main grooves (3). The second resonator (11) and the third resonator (12) have groove widths smaller than the groove width of the first resonator (9).

Abstract: In an apparatus, a circuit model includes a DC resistance model, and a reaction impedance model having a nonlinear relationship between a first potential difference across a reaction resistance and a current flowing through the secondary battery. The nonlinearly relationship depends on a temperature of the secondary battery. The circuit model includes a diffusion impedance model. The apparatus predicts a future remaining voltage across the secondary battery at a future timing when a predetermined duration will have elapsed since a prediction time. The apparatus calculates a future polarization voltage across the secondary battery at the future timing. The apparatus predicts a target power parameter of the secondary battery at the future timing according to the future remaining voltage, the future polarization voltage, a first potential difference across the reaction resistance, and a second potential difference across the DC resistance model.