Abstract: A transfer belt includes: an elastic layer, wherein the transfer belt is used to transfer a toner image onto a recording medium, the toner image being carried on a first main surface which is one of a pair of main exposed surfaces including the first main surface and a second main surface, when, using a lower block and an upper block, the transfer belt is placed on an upper surface of the lower block, a part of the transfer belt is interposed between a curved convex surface and a curved concave surface, and a pressed region reaches a pressing force of 200 [kPa] and is constantly pressed by the pressing force, if “a” represents a maximum value of displacement of a measurement region, and “b” represents displacement of the measurement region after convergence, E [?] calculated by (a?b)/b satisfies a condition of 0.2?E?3.

Abstract: A transfer belt transfers a toner image carried on a first main surface to a recording medium. When the transfer belt is pressed by using a lower block provided with a hole and an upper block with pressurization force increased at a prescribed rate and thereafter kept constant, E [-] and t0 are curve-fitted to a function E=?×exp(?t0/?) defined by a time constant ? [s] with respect to an amount of displacement of the transfer belt and a constant ? [-], where E [-] is calculated as (a?b)/b, a [?m] represents a maximum value of an amount of displacement of a measurement region, b [?m] represents an amount of displacement of the measurement region after converged, and t0 [s] represents a time period from start of pressurization until the maximum pressurization force, and time constant ? satisfies a condition of 0.015???0.1.

Abstract: A transfer belt is configured to transfer a toner image carried on a first main surface of the transfer belt to a recording medium. When the transfer belt is pressed with pressure application three increased at a predetermined pressure application rate and is then pressed with certain pressure application force by using a lower block provided with a hole and an upper block, k2 [?m/s] satisfies 6?k2?30, k2 [?m/s] being determined by (a?b)/{2×(t2?t1)}, where a [?m/s] represents a maximum value of a displacement amount of a measurement region that is a portion of the first main surface corresponding to the hole, b [?m] represents a convergence value thereof, t1 [s] represents a time when the maximum value is observed, and t2 [s] represents a time when the displacement amount reaches (a+b)/2 again after the maximum value is observed.

Abstract: A transfer belt transfers a toner image carried on a first main surface to a recording medium. When the transfer belt is pressed by using a lower block provided with a hole and an upper block with pressurization force increased at a prescribed rate and thereafter kept constant, E [-] and t0 are curve-fitted to a function E=?×exp(?t0/?) defined by a time constant ? [s] with respect to an amount of displacement of the transfer belt and a constant ? [-], where E [-] is calculated as (a?b)/b, a [?m] represents a maximum value of an amount of displacement of a measurement region, b [?m] represents an amount of displacement of the measurement region after converged, and t0 [s] represents a time period from start of pressurization until the maximum pressurization force, and time constant ? satisfies a condition of 0.015???0.1.

Abstract: A liquid developer set of the present invention includes a first liquid developer including an insulating liquid and first toner particles and a second liquid developer including an insulating liquid and second toner particles, the first toner particles include carbon black and a first resin, the second toner particles include a coloring agent other than carbon black and a second resin, without including carbon black, the first resin and the second resin each include a hydrocarbon long chain which is a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 8 to 30, and a mass ratio of the hydrocarbon long chain to the first toner particles is higher than a mass ratio of the hydrocarbon long chain to the second toner particles.

Abstract: A transfer belt includes: an elastic layer, wherein the transfer belt is used to transfer a toner image onto a recording medium, the toner image being carried on a first main surface which is one of a pair of main exposed surfaces including the first main surface and a second main surface, when, using a lower block and an upper block, the transfer belt is placed on an upper surface of the lower block, a part of the transfer belt is interposed between a curved convex surface and a curved concave surface, and a pressed region reaches a pressing force of 200 [kPa] and is constantly pressed by the pressing force, if “a” represents a maximum value of displacement of a measurement region, and “b” represents displacement of the measurement region after convergence, E [?] calculated by (a?b)/b satisfies a condition of 0.2?E?3.

Abstract: A transfer belt is configured to transfer a toner image carried on a first main surface of the transfer belt to a recording medium. When the transfer belt is pressed with pressure application three increased at a predetermined pressure application rate and is then pressed with certain pressure application force by using a lower block provided with a hole and an upper block, k2[?m/s] satisfies 6?k2?30, k2[?m/s] being determined by (a?b)/{2×(t2?t1)}, where a [?m/s] represents a maximum value of a displacement amount of a measurement region that is a portion of the first main surface corresponding to the hole, b [?m] represents a convergence value thereof, t1 [s] represents a time when the maximum value is observed, and t2 [s] represents a time when the displacement amount reaches (a+b)/2 again after the maximum value is observed.

Abstract: A liquid developer contains an insulating liquid and toner particles dispersed in the insulating liquid. The toner particles have a resin and a coloring agent. The resin contains at least 10 mass % and at most 40 mass % of an aliphatic polyester resin and at least 60 mass % and at most 90 mass % of an aromatic polyester resin. The resin has an acid value not less than 20 mgKOH/g and not more than 100 mgKOH/g. A difference in acid value between the aliphatic polyester resin and the aromatic polyester resin is not less than 0 mgKOH/g and not more than 10 mgKOH/g.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier configured to carry a toner image that is formed corresponding to an image using toner with a lubricant externally added thereto; a transfer unit configured to transfer the toner image to a recording material; a cleaning and lubricant-applying unit; and a processor configured to perform supply control, wherein the cleaning and lubricant-applying unit is configured to clean transfer residual toner on the image carrier and to apply the lubricant to the image carrier, and includes a blade, a collected toner holding unit, and a supply member, and the processor is configured to perform control in such a manner that the supply by the supply member is stopped or the amount of supply of the collected toner by the supply member is made smaller.

Abstract: A liquid developer contains an insulating liquid and toner particles dispersed in the insulating liquid. The toner particles have a resin and a coloring agent. The resin contains at least 10 mass % and at most 40 mass % of an aliphatic polyester resin and at least 60 mass % and at most 90 mass % of an aromatic polyester resin. The resin has an acid value not less than 20 mgKOH/g and not more than 100 mgKOH/g. A difference in acid value between the aliphatic polyester resin and the aromatic polyester resin is not less than 0 mgKOH/g and not more than 10 mgKOH/g.

Abstract: A liquid developer set of the present invention includes a first liquid developer including an insulating liquid and first toner particles and a second liquid developer including an insulating liquid and second toner particles, the first toner particles include carbon black and a first resin, the second toner particles include a coloring agent other than carbon black and a second resin, without including carbon black, the first resin and the second resin each include a hydrocarbon long chain which is a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 8 to 30, and a mass ratio of the hydrocarbon long chain to the first toner particles is higher than a mass ratio of the hydrocarbon long chain to the second toner particles.

Abstract: A liquid developer used for wet-type image forming apparatuses includes toner particles and an insulating liquid, the toner particles include a resin, a pigment, and a pigment dispersant, the pigment includes a pigment having an acid group, and the pigment dispersant is a basic polymer dispersant including units derived from ?-caprolactone.

Abstract: A liquid developer includes an insulating liquid and a plurality of toner particles. The plurality of toner particles has a median size not smaller than 1 ?m and not greater than 3 ?m as a whole. In the plurality of toner particles, average circularity is not smaller than 0.90 and not greater than 0.96, and a standard deviation of circularity is not smaller than 0.02 and not greater than 0.10.

Abstract: A liquid developer includes an insulating liquid and a plurality of toner particles. The plurality of toner particles has a volume-based median size not smaller than 0.5 ?m and not greater than 3 ?m as a whole, and a volume-based coefficient of variation not lower than 40% and not higher than 130%. The plurality of toner particles includes a first toner particle group of the toner particles having a particle size not greater than 1 ?m. The number of toner particles constituting the first toner particle group occupies not lower than 20% of the total number of toner particles. The toner particles in the first toner particle group have an average circularity not smaller than 0.945.

Abstract: An image forming device includes a development member carrying a developer for forming a toner image at an image carrier, a cleaning member abutting against the development member for removing the developer remaining on the development member, a transportation member provided in contact with the development member for transporting the developer supplied to the development member, and a driving unit controlling driving of at least one of the transportation member and the development member. The driving unit executes preliminary driving of the development member and transportation member for a given time under a state where supply of the developer to the transportation member is stopped, prior to main driving in image formation. Consumption and/or degradation of the developer in preliminary driving is suppressed while strain at the development member or transportation member formed of a resilient member is removed.

Abstract: This invention provides a developer concentration adjustment apparatus, a method for concentration adjustment, and an image forming apparatus, in which concentration adjustment is performed by use of a stirring load as a substitute characteristic of viscosity which represents a developer concentration, wherein a trouble of abnormality generation in toner concentration detection due to drying-adhesion of a residual developer on the stirrer is reduced. At the time of finishing the concentration adjustment, a concentration adjustment tank is made to be empty and the stirrer is cleaned by carrier liquid or a liquid developer having a concentration lower than a predetermined concentration. Alternatively, the stirrer is cleaned by empty-stirring operation not being put in a cleaning developer.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid development apparatus having a constitution in which liquid developer containing carrier liquid with toner dispersed therein is supplied from a liquid developer/cleaning liquid supply member on a pool forming member arranged facing to a supply roller so as to form a pool of the liquid developer, from which pool the liquid developer is supplied to the supply roller, wherein a liquid developer/cleaning liquid supply member supplies cleaning liquid on a pool forming member to form a suitable pooling portion of the cleaning liquid and the liquid developer remaining on the surface of the supply roller is removed and cleaned.

Abstract: A liquid developer includes at least toner particles and an insulating liquid. The toner particles include a resin and a color material dispersed in the resin. 90 mass % or more of the insulating liquid is aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 11 to 16, and 20 to 60 mass % of the insulating liquid is aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 11 to 12.

Abstract: An image forming device includes a development member carrying a developer for forming a toner image at an image carrier, a cleaning member abutting against the development member for removing the developer remaining on the development member, a transportation member provided in contact with the development member for transporting the developer supplied to the development member, and a driving unit controlling driving of at least one of the transportation member and the development member. The driving unit executes preliminary driving of the development member and transportation member for a given time under a state where supply of the developer to the transportation member is stopped, prior to main driving in image formation. Consumption and/or degradation of the developer in preliminary driving is suppressed while strain at the development member or transportation member formed of a resilient member is removed.

Abstract: A liquid developer used for wet-type image forming apparatuses includes toner particles and an insulating liquid, the toner particles include a resin, a pigment, and a pigment dispersant, the pigment includes a pigment having an acid group, and the pigment dispersant is a basic polymer dispersant including units derived from ?-caprolactone.