Abstract: The present invention provides a stable and cost-effective biosensor. The biosensor includes an electrically insulating base plate, an electrode system that includes at least a working electrode and counter electrode formed on the base plate, a reaction layer containing at least an enzyme, an electron acceptor that is formed on, or in the vicinity of, the electrode system, and a divalent water-soluble metallic salt provided in, or in the vicinity of, the reaction layer.

Abstract: Utilizing fuzzy theory, the exposure is determined based on an exposure operational formula defined for each of a plurality of previously classified patterns of a color original image. The color original image is divided into a multiplicity of portions for photometric purposes and, for the resulting photometric data, a plurality of features are evaluated. Utilizing fuzzy theory, a coincidence factor with a judging condition for judging the magnitude of the feature value is evaluated for each of the feature values. A coincidence factor for the pattern is evaluated from those coincidence factors to determine a weight for the pattern. Using this weight, a weighted mean of the exposures which is determined from the exposure operational formula is calculated to obtain a specific exposure.

Abstract: An exposure determining device detects densities of a number of picture elements of a color original and displays an image of the color original on a color monitor. A part of a principal subject image of the color original is specified on the color monitor. Based on the measured color density of the specified part, picture elements by which the principal subject image is formed are detected to determine a principal subject image area. By using the detected densities of picture elements included in the prinipal subject image area, at least one image characteristic value is calculated and is used with one of a plurality of previously provided exposure calculating formulas selected according to scenes into which principal subject images are classified, in order to determine the proper exposure for reproducing color images of proper color balance and density.