Abstract: Given a natural number “n”, then, in the first frame of continuous two frames, strobe pulses of opposite polarities are applied respectively to a scanning electrode L2n−1 in a (2n−1)'th line and a scanning electrode L2n in a 2n'th line during a selection period. In the second frame, strobe pulses of opposite polarities are applied respectively to the scanning electrode L2n in the 2n'th line and a scanning electrode L2n+1 in a (2n+1)'th line during a selection period.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal panel including a plurality of scanning electrodes, a plurality of signal electrodes crossing the scanning electrodes, a ferroelectric liquid crystal material having two stable orientation states corresponding to different memory angles and provided at intersections of the plurality of scanning electrodes and the plurality of signal electrodes to form a plurality of pixels is driven. The plurality of pixels each have a first threshold characteristic regarding a voltage for switching a display state of the pixel into a non-display state and a second threshold characteristic regarding a voltage for switching the non-display state of the pixel into the display state.

Abstract: An optical wave guide, an optical input device, fabrication methods thereof, and a liquid crystal display apparatus using the optical wave guide and optical input device are disclosed. The optical wave guide includes: a core region having a refractive index n.sub.c through which an optical signal is transmitted; and a cladding layer in which low refractive index layers having a refractive index n.sub.1 and high refractive index layers having a refractive index n.sub.h are alternately deposited. A side face of the core region is covered with the cladding layer, and the refractive indices satisfy conditions of n.sub.1 <n.sub.h, and n.sub.1 <n.sub.c. The optical input device includes: a transparent substrate; the optical wave guide formed in the transparent substrate; an optical input portion; and a plurality of optical output portions for connecting a side face of the optical wave guide to a surface of the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A large-scale liquid crystal display comprises a signal transmission channel which includes an inductance in the line direction and in the column direction for transmitting a display signal of the large-scale display to a pixel without delay. The signal transmission channel is arranged so that the display signal is propagated in the form of solitary waves or solitons whereby an LCD can be driven with a uniform display and a high contrast.

Abstract: An optical wave guide, an optical input device, fabrication methods thereof, and a liquid crystal display apparatus using the optical wave guide and optical input device are disclosed. The optical wave guide includes: a core region having a refractive index n.sub.c through which an optical signal is transmitted; and a cladding layer in which low refractive index layers having a refractive index n.sub.1 and high refractive index layers having a refractive index n.sub.h are alternately deposited. A side face of the core region is covered with the cladding layer, and the refractive indices satisfy conditions of n.sub.1 <n.sub.h, and n.sub.1 <n.sub.c. The optical input device includes: a transparent substrate; the optical wave guide formed in the transparent substrate; an optical input portion; and a plurality of optical output portions for connecting a side face of the optical wave guide to a surface of the transparent substrate.

Abstract: An optical switch element for selectively transmitting or shielding light from a first optical wave guide to a second optical wave guide is disclosed. The optical switch element includes a first optical switch portion and a second optical switch portion. The first optical switch portion includes: a part of said first optical wave guide; a first liquid crystal layer optically connected to said part of said first optical wave guide; a first part of said second optical wave guide optically connected to said first liquid crystal layer; and first voltage applying means for applying voltage to said first liquid crystal layer to change a refractive index of said first liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a sandwich structure of support plates with a layer of liquid crystal filled therebetween. One support plate has an array of thin film transistors and thin film capacitors both formed thereon, while the other support plate has a counter electrode formed thereon. One of a pair of electrodes of each thin film capacitor on the one support plate is offset from the counter electrode at any area other than area where they form an effective capacitance element, the other the area where they form an effective capacitance element, the other capacitor electrodes serving as display electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising display picture element electrodes connected to switching transistors formed at each crossing of the row and column electrodes of a matrix array with the opposite electrodes being opposite from the display picture element electrodes and across from the interfacing liquid crystal layer. Video signals are inverted into alternating positive/negative polarities for every field and applied to the column electrodes. A specific voltage that inverts its polarity in the same timing as the video signals is applied to the opposite electrodes. The drive method thus embodied by the present invention effectively minimizes the power consumption and allows for compensation of uneven display contrast effects.

Abstract: A method of driving a matrix type liquid crystal display device which compensates for the distortion of scanning signal and data waveforms caused by resistance and capacitance of the display device electrodes. In one embodiment of this method the timing of the scanning signal is advanced with respect to the timing of the data switching signal by a time determined by the resistor-capacitor time constant of the electrodes and display elements. In another embodiment of this method the switching timing of the scanning signal is delayed with respect to the leading edge of the data signal and the switching timing of the scanning signal is advanced with respect to the trailing edge of the data signal. The delay of the leading edge and the advance of the trailing edge are determined by the resistor-capacitor time constant of the electrode and display elements and the capacitance of the display element, respectively.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a field effect transistor array substrate (22) and a counter substrate (23). The field effect transistor array substrate (22) carries FETs (3), capacitors (5) and one electrode of the liquid crystal element deposited on a glass support (7). The counter substrate (23) carries a common electrode (31) in a form of stripes which extend parallel to the gate electrodes (8), and are deposited on another glass support (7'). The substrates are bonded together via a sealing member (21) and a suitable liquid crystal material (16) is injected therebetween. The device further includes a detecting circuit (33) for detecting a voltage produces at the drain electrode (6), a discriminator (34) for discriminating whether the voltage detected by the detecting circuit (33) is above or below a predetermined voltage, and a frame frequency adjusting circuit (35).

Abstract: A curved electrode pattern is included within a liquid crystal color display cell to compensate for the differences of the thickness of the liquid crystal color display cell across one of the segmented electrode patterns, thereby providing a uniform color indication in the segmented electrode patterns. A sound color display representative of a sound intensity level is indicated in the liquid crystal color display cell to show the expanse and the transition of the sound intensity level as a color change in said liquid crystal color display cell in each of said segmented electrode patterns.

Abstract: In a multi-layer matrix type liquid crystal display panel having a stack of a plurality of liquid crystal display cells and matrix electrodes provided for a respective one of the liquid crystal display cells, all supports of the respective liquid crystal display cells are piled sequentially one on top of the other with its longitudinal length longer and its lateral length shorter, than the next sequential top support thereby allowing enough room on all sides for electrode connections.

Abstract: A system for driving a segmented type liquid crystal display comprising a thin film transistor (TFT) array including a plurality of TFTs each having a gate line, a source line, and a drain line, a pair of substrates with one carrying the thin film transistor array coupled to a plurality of segmented display electrodes and the other carrying a common electrode opposite to the segmented display electrodes, a liquid crystal material interposed between the pair of substrates. The system is characterized by a source line and drain line driving circuit for driving the source line and the drain line with a first voltage waveform and a second voltage waveform in such a manner that the ratio of the first voltage amplitude to the second voltage is so selected that both charging and discharging voltages in the forward and backward directions are zero when the TFTs are off.

Abstract: A thin film transistor comprising a substrate having source and drain electrodes formed thereon, a semiconductor layer making contact in part with the source electrode and in part with the drain electrode, a gate electrode, and a gate insulating layer positioned between the semiconductor layer and the gate electrode is disclosed. A portion of the drain electrode is held in overlapping relation to a portion of the gate electrode while a portion of the source electrode is spaced apart from said gate electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal color display device including a liquid crystal display cell having a Fredericksz transition effect, and a driving circuit for the display cell. At least one of the opposed electrodes of the liquid crystal display cell is divided into a plurality of electrode members aligned in a row, while the driving circuit supplies driving voltages to the plurality of electrode members corresponding to sound signals, the driving voltages being supplied sequentially having different levels in the order of alignment of the plurality of electrode members.

Abstract: A thin film transistor comprises a substrate, a gate electrode, a drain electrode, a source electrode, an insulative layer, and a semiconductor layer for the purpose of switching display signals to be applied to at least one display element of a display device. Preferably, the thin film transistor is mounted on the same substrate on which the display element is mounted. The selected material for the display element electrode is identical to at least one selected from the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode. In another aspect of the present invention neither the gate electrode nor the insulating layer overlap either of the drain electrode or the source electrode. A resistance value of the semiconductor layer between the source and the drain electrodes is considerably less than the resistance value of the semiconductor channel layer controlled by the gate electrode. For this purpose, at least one of the width, thickness, and impurity concentration is varied therebetween.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for driving a segmented type liquid crystal display comprising a thin film transistor (TFT) array including a plurality of TFTs each having a gate line, a source line, and a drain line, a pair of substrates with one carrying the thin film transistor array coupled to a plurality of segmented display electrodes and the other carrying a common electrode opposite to the segmented display electrodes, a liquid crystal material interposed between the pair of substrates. The system is characterized by a source line and drain line driving circuit for driving the source line and the drain line with a first voltage waveform and a second voltage waveform in such a manner that the ratio of the first voltage amplitude to the second voltage is so selected that both charging and discharging voltages in the forward and backward directions are zero when the TFTs are off.

Abstract: A multi-layered liquid crystal display device has a stack of liquid crystal layers. Each of the liquid crystal layers is disposed in such an orientation vector between each pair of plates as to bring its good display contrast area following the conversion of the molecular alignment into agreement with each other with regard to a whole display area.

Abstract: An electrode structure on a matrix type liquid crystal display panel includes M column electrodes and N row electrodes both of which cross each other at a right angle to define picture elements via a layer of liquid crystal material. The matrix shaped electrode structure is such that a third picture element C (X.sub.m ', X.sub.n ') is located between a first picture element A (X.sub.m, Y.sub.n) and a second picture element B (X.sub.m+1, Y.sub.n+1), wherein 1.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.M and 1.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.N, thus enhancing resolution in vertical and horizontal directions. A diamond shape is exemplary of the possible shapes of the picture elements wherein each pair of the diagonally disposed corners are connected to that of their adjacent elements.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed toward an XY matrix type liquid crystal. In the case where more than one kind of display pattern are to be displayed using substantially the same line or lines (a column or columns for a column sequential drive method), only line (or column) electrodes associated with a predetermined display are supplied with a voltage. The period of time where a voltage is applied per line or per column (that is, duty factor) is switched in accordance with a display pattern which is about to be displayed.