Abstract: An electrical resistance or heater includes an electrical resistive track provided on an insulating substrate. Two predetermined sections of the track have a predetermined current carrying capacity and are bridged by a glass, ceramic, or glass ceramic material. The configuration of the track and the glass material are such that at a predetermined temperature, the leakage current between the track sections rises to the extent that it causes a current to flow through one or both of the sections which is substantially above its current carrying capability, whereby one section fails.

Abstract: A liquid heating vessel (6) has a heated base (8) and a thermally sensitive control mounted to the base (8). The control comprises a boiling control for interrupting the supply of energy to the vessel element (12) when liquid in the vessel boils. It is responsive to the liquid temperature in a sump (18) in the vessel base, and comprises a bimetallic actuator (100) in thermal contact with the sump (18) through a C-shaped copper conductor member (110). The vessel also comprises a simmer control operable to maintain the liquid in the vessel at a predetermined temperature after boiling. This control comprises a snap-acting bimetallic actuator through which the current to the element flows to rapidly heat the actuator after a set of contacts is closed, so as to supply energy to the element in short bursts to prevent an audible heating sound.

Abstract: The base (10) of a plastics liquid heating vessel (2) is formed by a heated stainless steel plate having a peripheral channel (16) engaging over a bead (32) lower end portion (22) of the vessel wall. A silicone rubber sealing ring (19) is clamped between two vessel wall and the channel.

Abstract: The base of a plastics liquid heating vessel is formed by a heated stainless steel plate having a peripheral channel engaging over a bead lower end portion of the vessel wall. A silicone rubber sealing ring is clamped between the vessel wall and the channel.