Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) and pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more said compounds, and methods for using said compounds for treating or preventing one or more disease states that could benefit from inhibition of plasma kallikrein, including hereditary angioedema, uveitis, posterior uveitis, wet age related macular edema, diabetic macular edema, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. The compounds are selective inhibitors of plasma kallikrein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) and pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more said compounds, and methods for using said compounds for treating or preventing one or more disease states that could benefit from inhibition of plasma kallikrein, including hereditary angioedema, uveitis, posterior uveitis, wet age related macular edema, diabetic macular edema, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. The compounds are selective inhibitors of plasma kallikrein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) and pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more said compounds, and methods for using said compounds for treating or preventing one or more disease states that could benefit from inhibition of plasma kallikrein, including hereditary angioedema, uveitis, posterior uveitis, wet age related macular edema, diabetic macular edema, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. The compounds are selective inhibitors of plasma kallikrein.

Abstract: An optical sensor includes a tube-shaped base formed from a metal, an optical fiber member received inside the base, and a sensor head formed from monocrystalline alumina and bonded to the base to be optically connected with the optical fiber member. The sensor head is provided with a first cavity including a first reflection surface configured to reflect a part of light introduced through the optical fiber member and a second reflection surface provided facing the first reflection surface and configured to reflect a part of the light reflected by the first reflection surface. A first interference light produced by an interference between the light reflected by the first reflection surface and the light reflected by the second reflection surface is output from the first cavity.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, in which a NOx absorbing catalyst and a NOx concentration sensor for detecting a NOx concentration in exhaust gases of the engine, are provided in an exhaust passage of the engine. A rich spike for temporarily enriching the air-fuel ratio is performed, and an execution timing of the rich spike is determined based on a detected output from the NOx concentration sensor. Performing the rich spike is determined to be unnecessary during a reducing state period from the time the rich spike ends to the time a preset time period has elapsed, and is also determined to be unnecessary when a change tendency of the detected output is determined to be an output decreasing state where the detected output is decreasing.

Abstract: An engine torque estimator for an internal combustion engine, includes a cylinder internal pressure sensor, an indicated-torque calculator, a pump loss torque calculator, and an engine torque calculator. The cylinder internal pressure sensor detects a cylinder internal pressure in a cylinder. The indicated-torque calculator calculates an indicated torque in a second combustion cycle based on the cylinder internal pressure detected in a period from an exhaust stroke in a first combustion cycle to an expansion stroke in the second combustion cycle. The second combustion cycle that follows the first combustion cycle. The pump loss torque calculator calculates a pump loss torque in the second combustion cycle based on the cylinder internal pressure detected in the period. The engine torque calculator calculates an engine torque of the internal combustion based on the indicated torque and the pump loss torque.

Abstract: A control device includes a cylinder pressure sensor, a driving condition detector, a reference crank angle setter, a reference cylinder pressure calculator, an EGR ratio estimator, and a controller. The cylinder pressure sensor detects a cylinder pressure inside a cylinder. The driving condition detector detects a driving condition in an internal combustion engine. The reference crank angle setter calculates, according to the driving condition, a reference crank angle immediately before which mixture gas starts combusting. The reference cylinder pressure calculator calculates a reference cylinder pressure at the reference crank angle based on temperature characteristics of a heat capacity ratio of the mixture gas under a condition. The EGR ratio estimator calculates an EGR ratio based on a pressure difference between the reference cylinder pressure and the cylinder pressure at the reference crank angle. The controller controls the internal combustion engine according to the EGR ratio.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control apparatus includes a cylinder pressure sensor, a driving condition detector, a reference crank angle setter, a reference cylinder pressure calculator, an air-fuel ratio estimator, and a controller. The cylinder pressure sensor detects a cylinder pressure. The driving condition detector detects a driving condition in an engine. The reference crank angle setter calculates a reference crank angle immediately before which an air-fuel mixture starts combusting in accordance with the driving condition. The reference cylinder pressure calculator calculates a reference cylinder pressure in the cylinder at the reference crank angle based on temperature characteristics of a specific-heat ratio of the air-fuel mixture under a condition. The air-fuel ratio estimator calculates an air-fuel ratio based on a pressure difference between the reference cylinder pressure and the cylinder pressure at the reference crank angle.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, in which a NOx absorbing catalyst and a NOx concentration sensor for detecting a NOx concentration in exhaust gases of the engine, are provided in an exhaust passage of the engine. A rich spike for temporarily enriching the air-fuel ratio is performed, and an execution timing of the rich spike is determined based on a detected output from the NOx concentration sensor. Performing the rich spike is determined to be unnecessary during a reducing state period from the time the rich spike ends to the time a preset time period has elapsed, and is also determined to be unnecessary when a change tendency of the detected output is determined to be an output decreasing state where the detected output is decreasing.

Abstract: An engine torque estimator for an internal combustion engine, includes a cylinder internal pressure sensor, an indicated-torque calculator, a pump loss torque calculator, and an engine torque calculator. The cylinder internal pressure sensor detects a cylinder internal pressure in a cylinder. The indicated-torque calculator calculates an indicated torque in a second combustion cycle based on the cylinder internal pressure detected in a period from an exhaust stroke in a first combustion cycle to an expansion stroke in the second combustion cycle. The second combustion cycle that follows the first combustion cycle. The pump loss torque calculator calculates a pump loss torque in the second combustion cycle based on the cylinder internal pressure detected in the period. The engine torque calculator calculates an engine torque of the internal combustion based on the indicated torque and the pump loss torque.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control apparatus includes a cylinder pressure sensor, a driving condition detector, a reference crank angle setter, a reference cylinder pressure calculator, an air-fuel ratio estimator, and a controller. The cylinder pressure sensor detects a cylinder pressure. The driving condition detector detects a driving condition in an engine. The reference crank angle setter calculates a reference crank angle immediately before which an air-fuel mixture starts combusting in accordance with the driving condition. The reference cylinder pressure calculator calculates a reference cylinder pressure in the cylinder at the reference crank angle based on temperature characteristics of a specific-heat ratio of the air-fuel mixture under a condition. The air-fuel ratio estimator calculates an air-fuel ratio based on a pressure difference between the reference cylinder pressure and the cylinder pressure at the reference crank angle.

Abstract: A control device includes a cylinder pressure sensor, a driving condition detector, a reference crank angle setter, a reference cylinder pressure calculator, an EGR ratio estimator, and a controller. The cylinder pressure sensor detects a cylinder pressure inside a cylinder. The driving condition detector detects a driving condition in an internal combustion engine. The reference crank angle setter calculates, according to the driving condition, a reference crank angle immediately before which mixture gas starts combusting. The reference cylinder pressure calculator calculates a reference cylinder pressure at the reference crank angle based on temperature characteristics of a heat capacity ratio of the mixture gas under a condition. The EGR ratio estimator calculates an EGR ratio based on a pressure difference between the reference cylinder pressure and the cylinder pressure at the reference crank angle. The controller controls the internal combustion engine according to the EGR ratio.

Abstract: To provide a control system for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of providing a stable intake air amount through reduction of pumping loss and blow-back of combustion gases by appropriately controlling the valve-opening timing of the intake valves, and thereby being capable of securing excellent drivability. In the control system 1, the valve-closing timing of the exhaust valve 9 is changed by an exhaust-side variable valve-operating mechanism 60, whereby the internal EGR amount is controlled, and the valve-opening timing of an intake valve 8 of an internal combustion engine 3 is changed by an intake-side variable valve-operating mechanism 40.

Abstract: There is provided an internal EGR control device for an internal combustion engine, which, even when a change in the actual valve timing of exhaust valves is caused by aging, is capable of properly controlling an internal EGR amount while compensating for an adverse influence caused by the change, and thereby properly controlling the temperature within the cylinder. The internal EGR control device 1 sets a target internal EGR amount EGRINCMD which serves a target of the internal EGR amount, according to detected operating conditions, NE and PMCMD, of the engine 3, and calculates internal energy QACT possessed by burned gases, which is determined according to the amount and temperature of the burned gases. Further, the target internal EGR amount EGRINCMD is corrected according to the calculated internal energy, and the valve-closing timing of the exhaust valve 9 is calculated according to the corrected internal EGR amount EGRIN.

Abstract: To provide a control system for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of providing a stable intake air amount through reduction of pumping loss and blow-back of combustion gases by appropriately controlling the valve-opening timing of the intake valves, and thereby being capable of securing excellent drivability. In the control system 1, the valve-closing timing of the exhaust valve 9 is changed by an exhaust-side variable valve-operating mechanism 60, whereby the internal EGR amount is controlled, and the valve-opening timing of an intake valve 8 of an internal combustion engine 3 is changed by an intake-side variable valve-operating mechanism 40.

Abstract: An internal EGR control system for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of controlling the internal EGR amount with accuracy, when controlling the internal EGR by changing both the exhaust cam phase and the exhaust valve lift. An internal EGR control system for an internal combustion engine controls internal EGR in which combustion gases are caused to remain in a cylinder. An ECU sets a target cam phase serving as a target of the exhaust cam phase, and controls a variable exhaust cam phase mechanism such that the exhaust cam phase becomes equal to the target cam phase. ECU 2 sets a target lift of an exhaust valve according to a detected actual cam phase and calculated valve-closing timing, and controls a variable exhaust valve lift mechanism such that the lift of the exhaust valve becomes equal to the target lift.

Abstract: In a control system for a compression-ignition engine whose operation is switchable between a compression-ignition operation in which an air-fuel mixture supplied to a combustion chamber auto-ignites to burn owing to compression and a spark-ignition operation in which the air-fuel mixture is ignited to burn by a spark of a spark plug, it is determined whether a predetermined permissible condition to permit switching from the spark-ignition to the compression-ignition operation is satisfied, and switching from the spark-ignition operation to the compression-ignition operation is permitted when the predetermined permissible condition is satisfied, thereby enabling to expand the compression-ignition operation utilization region so long as permissible in light of the engine operating condition.

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus and method for an internal combustion engine are provided for appropriately controlling the amounts of fuel supplied from an in-cylinder fuel injection valve and a port fuel injection valve to a cylinder in a simple control approach while satisfactorily reflecting a fuel transport behavior as a whole cylinder. An ECU calculates a required in-cylinder injection amount and a required port injection amount, calculates an in-cylinder injected fuel behavior parameter of a fuel from the in-cylinder fuel injection valve and a port injected fuel behavior parameter of the fuel from the port fuel injection valve, a net in-cylinder injection amount in accordance with the in-cylinder and port injected fuel behavior parameters based on the required in-cylinder injection amount, and a net port injection amount in accordance with the in-cylinder and port injected fuel behavior parameters based on the required port injection amount.

Abstract: A control apparatus and method for an internal combustion engine are provided for ensuring a stable combustion state and improving the fuel efficiency when an air-fuel mixture is burnt with self ignition while auxiliarily using a spark ignition. The control apparatus for an internal combustion engine which is operated in a plurality of modes including a torch self ignition combustion mode comprises an ECU. In the torch self ignition combustion mode, the ECU controls an internal EGR amount, calculates an actual exhaust closing angle, calculates a target exhaust closing angle, calculates a closing angle deviation, calculates a fuel injection amount for forming a homogeneous air-fuel mixture, calculates a correction coefficient in accordance with the closing angle deviation, and corrects a basic value by the correction coefficient to calculate a fuel injection amount for forming a stratified air-fuel mixture.

Abstract: An EGR control apparatus and method for an internal combustion engine which burns an air-fuel mixture with self ignition in addition to a flame propagation combustion, are provided for improving the combustion efficiency, engine output, drivability, and exhaust gas characteristics in an internal combustion engine which involves a self ignition combustion of an air-fuel mixture in addition to a flame propagation combustion.