Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier to carry a toner image, intermediate, primary, and secondary transfer members, and a voltage application member. The voltage application member applies a voltage to the image carrier. The secondary transfer member is in contact with an outer circumferential surface of the intermediate transfer member. The toner image carried on the image carrier is primarily transferred onto the intermediate transfer member in a state where the voltage application member applies the voltage to the image carrier. The intermediate transfer member has a volume resistivity from 5×107 ?·cm to 2×1011 ?·cm inclusive. A relation ?s1/?s2?1.5 is satisfied, where ?s1 denotes a surface resistivity which is measured from the outer circumferential surface of the intermediate transfer member and ?s2 denotes a surface resistivity which is measured from an inner circumferential surface of the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: A static mixing module including a pair of mixing parts each having a central strip portion and wing portions. The wing portions are bent in the same direction with respect to the front surface of the central strip portion. The pair of mixing parts are fixed to each other at the back surfaces of the central strip portions, thereby forming grid-shaped spaces each having sides formed by the central strip portion and the wing portions. A cut-out portion is formed between two adjacent wing portions so that complex fluid passages are formed. Mixing apparatuses are also disclosed wherein a plurality of static mixing modules are combined in various ways, or are independently disposed in a pipe with different postures. L-shaped mixing parts are also used in combination with the static mixing module. The mixing apparatuses provide excellent mixing despite of the short length and low pressure loss. Since the mixing apparatus can be easily manufactured and assembled, the production costs can be lowered.

Abstract: A laminated material for preventing fire in the engine room of a ship has a base layer made of a woven or nonwoven fabric of specific fibers, and aluminum foil or the like bonded to at least one side of the base layer. Since aluminum foil or the similar foil having an excellent sealing ability and a property of plastic deformability is bonded to one or both of the opposite surfaces of the base layer having excellent heat resistance, excellent oil resistance and sufficient strength, defects of the fabric and those of aluminum foil are eliminated, and synergistic benefits can be obtained. In a method for preventing fire in the engine room of a ship, the laminated material is cut out to obtain a laminated tape and a laminated sheet, which are used in combination to cover portions having various configurations. According to this method, even unskilled persons can securely cover portions from which oil is likely to spout.

Abstract: A static mixing module in which mixing parts having a relatively short length are assembled such that grids are formed with central strip portions and wing portions of the mixing parts or with the central strip portions, wing portions and tail portions of the mixing parts. Further, cut-off portions are formed between adjacent two wing portions. This configuration forms complex fluid passages. Each mixing part can be formed by a simple punching step and a bending step, each at least once, and a static mixing module can be manufactured by simply assembling these mixing parts. Therefore, the mixing module has a higher mixing/blending performance event though it has a length similar to conventional modules or packets, and has a reduced pressure loss. Further, since it can be cheaply manufactured compared to the conventional products, it is advantageous in terms of production costs and production efficiency.