Abstract: A multiple-purpose microscope comprising: a stage for placing a specimen; a revolver for carrying a plurality of objective lenses; a differential interference unit mounted adjacent to the revolver so as to be moved into and out of a path of light beam; and two dichroic mirror units for reflecting fluorescence mounted so as to be moved into and out of the path of a light beam, whereby enabling its user to perform various different types of microscope examinations by a simplified examination mode changeover operation. The dichroic mirror unit for reflecting fluorescence is comprised of a dichroic mirror, an exciting filter and a barrier filter.

Abstract: An inverted-design optical microscope wherein, in order to lower the level of stage and the total height of a microscope body and to simplify the switching operation between an observing light path and photographing light paths, a second optical means for leading a light from an object to be inspected to the observing light path is arranged below a first optical means for leading said light alternatively to a plurality of phtographing light paths, the second optical means and first optical means are arranged respectively as fixed and movably, and a plurality of optical elements forming the first optical means and so many focusing mirrors are moved integrally by a single operating handle.

Abstract: An objective lens for a microscope includes a plane parallel plate detachably mounted on a lens barrel so as to be interposed between an object being observed and a front lens as a result of this arrangement, correction is made for a change in aberrations which results from a variation in the thickness of a cover glass.

Abstract: A relay lens system designed as an afocal lens system having a magnification level of 1x and comprising a first lens group having negative refractive power, a second lens group having positive refractive power and a third lens group having negative refractive power, said relay lens system being arranged between an objective lens and an eyepiece, and used for relaying an image of an object formed by said objective lens.

Abstract: An optical system for a discussion-microscope in which a relay lens is disposed in the passage of a ray flux and which is arranged so that the ray flux from the object to the eyepiece is reflected an even number of times by the intervening reflecting surfaces, whereby a number of persons may simultaneously observe uniformly oriented images of the sample.

Abstract: A microscope comprises a full field illumination unit, a spot illumination unit using monochromatic light, means for adjusting the area of the spot region being illuminated, a light receptor for receiving light which is transmitted through a specimen, and an arithmetic unit connected with the light receptor for photometry. Full field and spot illuminations are activated simultaneously, and the position of a specimen is brought into alignment with a spot illuminated region while viewing the specimen. The area of the spot region being illuminated is adjusted so that it is substantially in conformity to the outline of the specimen. The arithmetic unit effects a quantitative determination of the total amount of light transmission through the specimen on the basis of an output from the light receptor and the area of the spot illuminated region.

Abstract: An automatic switching means for microscope illumination system comprising objective lenses having screws which are used for attaching said objective lenses to a revolver and have different lengths depending on magnification levels of the objective lenses and detecting means for detecting the differences of said screws, and being so adapted as to switch an illumination system for a different illuminating condition on the basis of detected length of the screw. Said automatic switching means is so adapted as to assure favorable illuminating condition regardless of setting positions of said objective lenses in the revolver.

Abstract: An afocal relay lens system comprising a first lens group consisting of a positive cemented doublet and a second lens group consisting of a positive cemented doublet and a negative cemented doublet, and being arranged between the contact surface of the revolver and that of the microscope tube. The afocal relay lens system permits prolonging the mechanical tube length without changing the equivalent optical tube length.

Abstract: A microscope objective lens system having a large working distance which comprises a first positive meniscus lens component, a second positive cemented lens component, a third positive cemented lens component and a fourth negative meniscus lens component and wherein a flat image plane is obtained.

Abstract: An oil immersion liquid consisting of silicone oil for fluorescence microscopes which does not emit any auto fluorescence and therefore permits observing microscopic images of fluorescent substances with high contrast when such specimens are observed through oil immersion type objectives using this oil immersion liquid.

Abstract: Vertical reflection type fluorescence microphotometer in which a specimen under examination is irradiated with an ultraviolet ray directed onto the upper surface of the specimen and light reflected back from the specimen is measured by means of a photoelectric tube. The fluorescence microphotometer comprises a light source for emitting an exciting light, a lens for forming an image of the light source at a position where an aperture diaphragm is located, a relay lens for forming an image of the aperture diaphragm through a dichroic mirror in a focal point located at the image side of an objective lens, and a pinhole arranged between the relay lens and the dichroic mirror. The objective lens can form an image of the pinhole on the upper surface of the specimen as well as an image of the fluorescence emitting position of the specimen through the dichroic mirror at a position where a diaphragm is located. The fluorescence transmitted through the diaphragm is received by the photoelectric tube.