Abstract: Voltage compensation circuits connect DC voltages accumulated in capacitors having respectively different charging voltages which are 2K (where K=0, 1, 2, . . . ) times the minimum voltage into AC voltages. The voltage compensation circuits are connected in series to an electric power system in series. When the voltage dip occurs in an electric power system, a combination of voltage compensation circuits is selected from the voltage compensation circuits. The sum of the output voltage compensates the voltage dip. During normal operation, a high speed mechanical short circuit switch by-passes the voltage compensation circuits to reduce power loss.

Abstract: A laser-scanning examination apparatus includes a laser light source; an optical fiber through which laser light generated in the laser light source is transmitted; a scan head including a casing for housing a laser scanning unit that scans the laser light transmitted by the optical fiber on a specimen, an objective unit for imaging the laser light scanned by the laser scanning unit onto the specimen; an optical detector for detecting returning light that returns from the specimen to the interior of the casing via the objective unit; a stage for mounting the specimen; and an arm that supports the scan head so that the position and orientation of the objective unit with respect to the stage can be adjusted. The optical detector is provided on an outer surface of the casing except for the surface located in the opposite direction from the direction in which the arm extends from the casing.

Abstract: In a switchgear, oscillation of a moving current-carrying shaft and a moving contact of a vacuum valve is minimized, offset load on the contact surface is reduced, and friction the portion supporting the moving current-carrying shaft is reduced. A vacuum valve is disposed in a gas tank, one end of a moving current-carrying shaft integrally includes a moving contact of the vacuum valve, and a contact pressure adjusting spring is disposed on the other end of the moving current-carrying shaft. An operating rod extends through the gas tank, an operation mechanism is mounted on the operating rod outside the gas tank, an insulating rod is mounted inside the gas tank, and the contact pressure adjusting spring is joined to the insulating rod.

Abstract: A culture microscope apparatus has an illumination unit to apply excitation light to the specimen, a specimen observing portion to observe light generated from the specimen due to the excitation light, and a dimmer unit to dim the excitation light that has penetrated the specimen.

Abstract: A magnetic actuator includes a first yoke, an armature which is provided inside the first yoke and made movable in reciprocating motion along a first direction inside the first yoke, first and second coils fitted inside the first yoke, a pair of second yokes affixed to the first yoke along a second direction, and permanent magnets affixed to the second yokes in a manner that the permanent magnets are positioned face to face with the armature. In the magnetic actuator thus constructed, fluxes generated by the first and second coils pass through first magnetic circuits whereas fluxes generated by the permanent magnets pass through second magnetic circuits differing from the first magnetic circuits.

Abstract: In an operation circuit of an electromagnetic switching device, when electric energy is discharged by discharge switches connected in series, respectively, to opening coils and closing coils, an induction current flowing in a direction opposite to a current of the coil of the excitation side is generated. The current flows through the coil on the non-excitation side due to magnetic coupling, and a magnetic flux necessary for driving is cancelled, thereby inhibiting generation of a driving force. The operation circuit includes first and second opening and closing coils, so that a moving element may be driven between those coils. This circuit includes a circuit for suppressing an over-voltage at the moment of interrupting an excitation current of a first coil and for interrupting an induction current generated through the first coil at the time of exciting the second coil.

Abstract: A microscope system has a stage on which an observation sample including an observation object and a transparent member is to be placed, an objective lens which is placed to face the observation sample placed on the stage, a focusing unit which moves at least one of the stage and the objective lens to perform focusing operation, and an autofocus unit which controls a focusing driving unit by a so-called TTL system. After autofocus is performed for the transparent member by the autofocus unit, the focusing driving unit makes at least one of the stage and the objective lens move by a predetermined constant amount.

Abstract: A tank filled with an insulating gas accommodates insulator tubes incorporating vacuum-valve breakers for individual phases. One end of each insulator tube is fixed to the inside of the tank. Each vacuum-valve breaker is installed generally on a common longitudinal axis with the corresponding insulator tube so that a movable electrode rod is directed toward a fixed end of the insulator tube. The insulator tube has as an integral part a bus line fixing portion projecting in a direction intersecting the longitudinal axis of the insulator tube from the proximity of an end opposite to the fixed end, supporting a bus-side conductor in an insulated fashion.

Abstract: An incident illumination unit which can be installed in a slot of an incident illumination device to which a field stop unit or an aperture stop unit is installed, comprises an optical element holding part configured to hold an optical element, a focus mechanism which moves the optical element holding part along an incident illumination axis of the incident illumination device, an insertion and withdrawal mechanism which moves the focus mechanism to a vertical direction to the incident illumination axis, and a outer frame which integrally accommodates the optical element holding part, the focus mechanism and the insertion and withdrawal mechanism and has a slot shape which is inserted and positioned to the slot part of the incident illumination device.

Abstract: Voltage compensating circuits are connected serially to a power system, including capacitors each having different charging voltages (in relationship of approximately 2k (K=0, 1, 2, . . . ) times the smallest charging voltage value). The voltage compensating circuits convert DC voltages in the capacitors into AC voltages and output the AC voltages, respectively. The voltages of the capacitors are detected as detected values V1 to V3. The detected values V1 to V3 are used as bit signals for a reference value to check a voltage dip amount of the power system with the reference value and to convert the voltage dip amount into a binary signal. A combination is selected from the voltage compensating circuits in accordance with the binary signal so that the sum of output voltages of the selected voltage compensating circuits compensates the voltage dip of the power system.

Abstract: In an operation circuit of an electromagnetic switching device when electric energy is discharged by discharge switches connected in series, respectively, to opening coils and closing coils, an induction current flowing in a direction opposite to a current of the coil of the excitation side is generated. The current flows through the coil on the non-excitation side due to magnetic coupling, and a magnetic flux necessary for driving is cancelled, thereby inhibiting generation of a driving force. The operation circuit includes first and second opening and closing coils, so that a moving element may be driven between those coils. This circuit, includes a circuit for suppressing an over-voltage at the moment of interrupting an excitation current of a first coil and for interrupting an induction current generated through the first coil at the time of exciting the second coil.

Abstract: Enclosed type switchgear is provided. Oscillation amount of a moving current-carrying shaft and a moving contact of a vacuum valve is minimized, offset load on the contact surface is reduced, and friction force at the portion supporting the moving current-carrying shaft is reduced. A vacuum valve 2 is disposed in a gas tank 1, one end of a moving current-carrying shaft 9 is integrally provided with a moving contact 5 of the vacuum valve 2, and a contact pressure adjusting spring 19 is disposed on the other end of the moving current-carrying shaft 9. An operating rod 17 is disposed extending through the gas tank 1, an operation mechanism part 18 is mounted on the operating rod 17 outside the gas tank 1, an insulating rod 11 is mounted inside the gas tank 1, and the contact pressure adjusting spring 19 is joined to the insulating rod 11.

Abstract: A tank filled with an insulating gas accommodates insulator tubes incorporating vacuum-valve breakers for individual phases. One end of each insulator tube is fixed to the inside of the tank. Each vacuum-valve breaker is installed generally on a common longitudinal axis with the relevant insulator tube in such a manner that its movable electrode rod is directed toward the fixed end of the insulator tube. The insulator tube has as its integral part a bus line fixing portion projecting in a direction intersecting the longitudinal axis of the insulator tube from the proximity of its end opposite to the fixed end to support a bus-side conductor in an insulated fashion.

Abstract: A switching apparatus for multiphase electric power includes switching units corresponding to different phases. Each switching unit includes an operating mechanism having a movable coil disposed between two fixed coils, and a switch portion having a movable contact operatively connected to the movable coil. A separate power supply may be provided for each switching unit to permit individual control of the different phases.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of the invention has conductive microparticles and organic particles dispersed in an aqueous medium and can form a conductive layer of a volume resistivity of for example 10−4 &OHgr;·cm or less by electrodeposition. A circuit board of the invention is equipped in an insulating layer and a conducting layer, which includes conducting through parts that pass through the insulating layer, and is favorably manufactured by the invention s method that includes an electrodeposition using an aqueous dispersion of the invention as a electrodeposition solution and using the conductive foil as one of the electrodes after closing the openings at one end of the through holes formed on the insulating layer by means of a conductive foil.

Abstract: A switching device includes a pair of fixed coils and a pair of movable coils, with one pair being disposed between the other pair. Two of the coils may be connected back to back on opposite sides of a support plate to increase the stiffness of the coils and reduce damage due to impact between the fixed and movable coils. The coils include two sets of coils, each set including one of the fixed coils and one of the movable coils. The coil sets can be driven simultaneously or at different times to effect contact opening and closing.

Abstract: A switching device includes a movable coil which is reinforced by a stiffener to increase the resistance of the movable coil to bending moments. The stiffener may include a nonmagnetic case which surrounds the movable coil. Alternatively or in addition, it may include a resin or other material encapsulating the movable coil.

Abstract: An incident illumination unit which can be installed in a slot of an incident illumination device to which a field stop unit or an aperture stop unit is installed, comprises an optical element holding part configured to hold an optical element, a focus mechanism which moves the optical element holding part along an incident illumination axis of the incident illumination device, an insertion and withdrawal mechanism which moves the focus mechanism to a vertical direction to the incident illumination axis, and a outer frame which integrally accommodates the optical element holding part, the focus mechanism and the insertion and withdrawal mechanism and has a slot shape which is inserted and positioned to the slot part of the incident illumination device.

Abstract: A plurality of voltage compensation circuits P1-P3, N1-N3 converts DC voltages accumulated in a capacitor 11 having respectively different charging voltages (which is 2K times of the minimum voltage (K=0, 1, 2, . . . )) into AC voltages. The plurality of voltage compensation circuits are connected to the electric power system in series. When the voltage dip occurs in an electric power system, a desired combination is selected from the plurality of voltage compensation circuits P1-P3, N1-N3. The total sum of the output voltage compensates the voltage dipped. At the normal time, the high speed mechanical short circuit switch by-passes the voltage compensation circuits to reduce apparatus loss.

Abstract: A vacuum switch includes a pair of windmill-shaped electrodes within a vacuum tube and including windmill portions and contact portions. Each of the windmill-shaped electrodes is arranged such that a component of a magnetic flux parallel to a contact surface and serving as an arc driving force with respect to a range of 0.5 mm from the contacting surface contacting the contacting portion of a leg portion of an arc has a magnetic flux density equal to or larger than 0.01 tesla with respect to an electric current of 1 kA, at any point on the contacting surface. The ratio of an inner diameter Di of the contact portion to an outer diameter D of the windmill-shaped electrodes is equal to or greater than 0.