Abstract: A power conversion system includes a controller to control discharge of a smoothing condenser based on at least one signal received through an input. The at least one signal indicates a failure of a discharge circuit configured to discharge the smoothing condenser The controller controls discharge of stored charge in the smoothing condenser through parasitic resistance components of a power system which includes the smoothing condenser. The power conversion system may be used with an electric vehicle.

Abstract: A power conversion system including a DC main power supply for supplying a DC voltage, boosting circuits for performing a retrogression operation of boosting the DC voltage and comprising driving circuits, an inverter circuit for converting the DC voltage into an AC voltage, a motor/generator for receiving the AC voltage, and a control circuit for outputting a control signal to the driving circuits and stopping an operation of a faulty boosting circuit of the boosting circuits when one of the boosting circuits is faulty, for setting power control values depending on a number of remaining non-faulty boosting circuits of the boosting circuits, and for controlling the remaining non-faulty boosting circuits and the inverter circuit based on the power control values, wherein the inverter circuit and the boosting circuits perform a regeneration operation of supplying regeneration power to the DC main power supply, peripheral equipment, and/or a DC auxiliary power supply.

Abstract: A reference voltage generating circuit including a bandgap reference circuit generating a bandgap reference voltage, and a filter circuit smoothing the bandgap reference voltage. The bandgap reference circuit is configured to generate the bandgap reference voltage having a first voltage value when a clock signal is in a first logic level, and to generate the bandgap reference voltage having a second voltage value when the clock signal is in a second logic level. The filter circuit includes a first capacitive element charged with the bandgap reference voltage having the first voltage value in the first clock cycle, a second capacitive element charged with the bandgap reference voltage having the second voltage value in the first clock cycle, a third capacitive element charged with the bandgap reference voltage, and a fourth capacitive element.

Abstract: A control device for a hybrid vehicle includes: a current command value calculator configured to calculate torque and a weak field current command values input to the inverter; and a current command value correction calculator configured to calculate torque and weak field current correction values added to the torque and weak field current command values, wherein when an accumulation of electricity of the electricity storage device is equal to or larger than a reference value, the current command value calculator is configured to calculate the torque and weak field current command values to make a load applied to the engine by the motor generator zero, and the current command value correction calculator is configured to calculate the torque and weak field current correction values to make a load applied to the engine by the motor driving system other than the motor generator zero.

Abstract: A reference voltage generating circuit including a bandgap reference circuit generating a bandgap reference voltage, and a filter circuit smoothing the bandgap reference voltage. The bandgap reference circuit is configured to generate the bandgap reference voltage having a first voltage value when a clock signal is in a first logic level, and to generate the bandgap reference voltage having a second voltage value when the clock signal is in a second logic level. The filter circuit includes a first capacitive element charged with the bandgap reference voltage having the first voltage value in the first clock cycle, a second capacitive element charged with the bandgap reference voltage having the second voltage value in the first clock cycle, a third capacitive element charged with the bandgap reference voltage, and a fourth capacitive element.

Abstract: A reference voltage generating circuit with extremely low temperature dependence is provided. The reference voltage generating circuit includes a BGR circuit which generates a bandgap reference voltage; a bandgap current generating circuit which generates a bandgap current according to the bandgap reference voltage; a PTAT current generating circuit which generates a current proportional to the absolute temperature; and a linear approximate correction current generating circuit which compares the current generated by the PTAT current generating circuit and the bandgap current to generate a correction current, and the BGR circuit adds, to the bandgap reference voltage, a correction voltage generated based on the correction current.

Abstract: A BGR circuit controls a switch circuit in synchronization with a clock signal from a control signal generating circuit and an inverted signal thereof, and thereby, alternately switches between a differential input terminal receiving a voltage VIM and a differential input terminal receiving a voltage VIP. An LPF circuit includes capacitive elements, a switch connected between an input node and each capacitive element, and a switch connected between an output node and each capacitive element. The LPF circuit controls ON/OFF of the switches in synchronization with a clock signal CLK, and thereby, calculates a moving average value of an output voltage of the BGR circuit in the most recent one clock cycle.

Abstract: A reference voltage generating circuit with extremely low temperature dependence is provided. The reference voltage generating circuit includes a BGR circuit which generates a bandgap reference voltage; a bandgap current generating circuit which generates a bandgap current according to the bandgap reference voltage; a PTAT current generating circuit which generates a current proportional to the absolute temperature; and a linear approximate correction current generating circuit which compares the current generated by the PTAT current generating circuit and the bandgap current to generate a correction current, and the BGR circuit adds, to the bandgap reference voltage, a correction voltage generated based on the correction current.

Abstract: A power conversion system includes a controller to control discharge of a smoothing condenser based on at least one signal received through an input. The at least one signal indicates a failure of a discharge circuit configured to discharge the smoothing condenser The controller controls discharge of stored charge in the smoothing condenser through parasitic resistance components of a power system which includes the smoothing condenser. The power conversion system may be used with an electric vehicle.

Abstract: An electric vehicle power conversion system may include an exclusive discharge circuit for discharging stored charges of a smoothing condenser. The electric vehicle power conversion system may also include a discharge controller for driving a DC/DC converter if a control circuit for controlling the electric vehicle power conversion system detects a fault of an exclusive discharge circuit, such that the stored charges of the smoothing condenser may be supplied to auxiliary devices or a DC auxiliary power supply and be discharged therethrough.

Abstract: A reference voltage generating circuit with extremely low temperature dependence is provided. The reference voltage generating circuit includes a BGR circuit which generates a bandgap reference voltage; a bandgap current generating circuit which generates a bandgap current according to the bandgap reference voltage; a PTAT current generating circuit which generates a current proportional to the absolute temperature; and a linear approximate correction current generating circuit which compares the current generated by the PTAT current generating circuit and the bandgap current to generate a correction current, and the BGR circuit adds, to the bandgap reference voltage, a correction voltage generated based on the correction current.

Abstract: A power conversion system including a DC main power supply for supplying a DC voltage, boosting circuits for performing a retrogression operation of boosting the DC voltage and comprising driving circuits, an inverter circuit for converting the DC voltage into an AC voltage, a motor/generator for receiving the AC voltage, and a control circuit for outputting a control signal to the driving circuits and stopping an operation of a faulty boosting circuit of the boosting circuits when one of the boosting circuits is faulty, for setting power control values depending on a number of remaining non-faulty boosting circuits of the boosting circuits, and for controlling the remaining non-faulty boosting circuits and the inverter circuit based on the power control values, wherein the inverter circuit and the boosting circuits perform a regeneration operation of supplying regeneration power to the DC main power supply, peripheral equipment, and/or a DC auxiliary power supply.

Abstract: A control device for a hybrid vehicle includes: a current command value calculator configured to calculate torque and a weak field current command values input to the inverter; and a current command value correction calculator configured to calculate torque and weak field current correction values added to the torque and weak field current command values, wherein when an accumulation of electricity of the electricity storage device is equal to or larger than a reference value, the current command value calculator is configured to calculate the torque and weak field current command values to make a load applied to the engine by the motor generator zero, and the current command value correction calculator is configured to calculate the torque and weak field current correction values to make a load applied to the engine by the motor driving system other than the motor generator zero.

Abstract: A BGR circuit controls a switch circuit in synchronization with a clock signal from a control signal generating circuit and an inverted signal thereof, and thereby, alternately switches between a differential input terminal receiving a voltage VIM and a differential input terminal receiving a voltage VIP. An LPF circuit includes capacitive elements, a switch connected between an input node and each capacitive element, and a switch connected between an output node and each capacitive element. The LPF circuit controls ON/OFF of the switches in synchronization with a clock signal CLK, and thereby, calculates a moving average value of an output voltage of the BGR circuit in the most recent one clock cycle.

Abstract: A reference voltage generating circuit that accurately corrects temperature characteristics of a BGR (bandgap reference) circuit and a regulator. A voltage dividing circuit outputs first and second voltages obtained by dividing a BGR voltage. The regulator includes a differential amplifier, first and second resisters coupled in series between the output terminal of the differential amplifier and the ground. The positive input terminal of the differential amplifier receives the BGR voltage, and the negative input terminal is coupled to a coupled node between third and fourth resistors. The BGR circuit outputs a third voltage varying with a temperature determined by a predetermined amount of current flowing in the BGR circuit and a predetermined resistor. A temperature-characteristics correcting circuit controls a correcting current flowing through the coupled node so that its magnitude varies with the difference between the first and third voltages, and the difference between the second and third voltages.

Abstract: A reference voltage generating circuit that accurately corrects temperature characteristics of a BGR (bandgap reference) circuit and a regulator. A voltage dividing circuit outputs first and second voltages obtained by dividing a BGR voltage. The regulator includes a differential amplifier, first and second resisters coupled in series between the output terminal of the differential amplifier and the ground. The positive input terminal of the differential amplifier receives the BGR voltage, and the negative input terminal is coupled to a coupled node between third and fourth resistors. The BGR circuit outputs a third voltage varying with a temperature determined by a predetermined amount of current flowing in the BGR circuit and a predetermined resistor. A temperature-characteristics correcting circuit controls a correcting current flowing through the coupled node so that its magnitude varies with the difference between the first and third voltages, and the difference between the second and third voltages.

Abstract: A conventional lapping process of executing element size control and surface roughness reduction at the same time is divided in the present invention into a lapping process for element size control and a lapping step for surface roughness reduction. In the lapping process for surface roughness reduction, a surface of a ceramic substrate portion is used as a stopper for limiting cut-in of abrasive grains to realize surface roughness reduction while maintaining productivity.

Abstract: In a cluster ion beam irradiation apparatus including an apparatus for measuring size and energy distribution of gas cluster ions by using the time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry, a unit for applying a retarding voltage is disposed in a stage preceding a TOF measuring instrument including a drift tube and a current measuring instrument. By measuring the size and energy distribution of the gas cluster ions and adjusting ionization conditions, cluster ions having predetermined energy and size are supplied to a work surface. In addition, a product of a pressure in an ion transportation device and an ion transportation length is controlled so as to satisfy the relation P×L?30/N2/3/E1/2 Pa·m, where N is the size of gas cluster ions used for irradiation, and E is kinetic energy (eV) of the gas cluster ions.

Abstract: A substrate cleaning device includes a rotating table that rotatably holds a silicon substrate. A light irradiation device is capable of irradiating at least a portion of a surface of the held silicon substrate with light. A nozzle is capable of selectively supplying at least N2O water and a hydrofluoric acid solution onto the substrate. A control unit controls the supply of the light irradiation device and the nozzle and enables light irradiation by the light irradiation device when the N2O water is supplied onto the silicon substrate.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a substrate, an under-layer formed on the substrate, a magnetic layer formed on the substrate and a protective layer formed on the magnetic layer. The magnetic layer comprises Co, Cr and Pt with a thickness being from 10 nm to 22 nm. Further, a coercivity of the magnetic layer is not less than 2000 Oe, and a fluctuation field of magnetic viscosity at a field strength equal to remanence coercivity or coercivity is not less than 30 Oe.